藻类是水生环境中的初级生产者, 它的生长常常伴随着细菌并受菌的影响。有研究者指出藻类和细菌有着密不可分的关系。一些研究表明与藻相关的主体细菌是特定的细菌群体, 特别是α-变形菌频繁地发现, 说明这类菌可能能够开启和维持共生关系。最近的研究提出了营养物质交换是菌藻共生的基础, 这类相关化合物是复杂的和特定的分子, 可能参与信号处理和监控作用, 而不只是被动扩散。同时, 这种作用很明显不是静态的, 它的开启和终止可能是对环境和发育的响应。需要指出的是明确菌藻关系的作用机理还有待于进一步的深入研究, 本篇综述结合新提出的理论, 对细菌与微藻作用关系的研究进展进行总结, 概括了微藻与菌的作用关系(进化关系, 营养依赖, 代谢互补和协作生物合成), 这种作用关系涉及到的菌的分类(膜菌和藻际微环境菌, 促生菌PGPB和溶藻菌)以及菌藻作用的应用(废水处理和生物燃料生产)的情况, 并对菌藻关系的未来发展做了展望。

Algae are the primary producers of aquatic ecosystems, which live in association with bacterial communities that frequently have effects on their development. Therefore, some researchers believe that there are intimate interactions between algae and bacteria. Some studies show that the bacteria associated with algae are specific bacteria group, especially alpha-proteobacteria frequently found, indicating that the bacteria may initiate and maintain a symbiotic relationship. Recent researches have proposed that nutrients exchange are the base of algal-bacterial symbionts, such related compounds are complex and specific molecules, may participate in signal processing and monitoring function, and not just passive diffusion. Meanwhile, this effect is clearly not static, its initiation and termination can bea response to the environment and development. It should be pointed out that mechanisms of the bacteria and algae clear interaction have yet to be further studied in-depth; this review summarized the combining of the proposed theory. In this paper, the research progress of relationships between bacteria and microalgae were reviewed, and we summarized the relationships between microalgae and bacteria which involved evolutionary relationships, dependent nutrition, complementary metabolism and synergic biosynthesis, and classifications of the interaction including bacteria which involved Algae-attaching bacteria and bacteria in the Phycosphere, plant growth-promoting bacteria(PGPB)and algicidal bacteria. The emerging applications of algal-bacterial symbionts interactions in the case of wastewater treatment and biofuel production, and the future development of interactions between bacteria and algae were discussed.