针对现有的钢球表面质量视觉检测仪缺陷球漏检问题，本文提出照明系统优化方案。该方案通过建立LED漫反射穹顶光源的数学模型，分析影响钢球表面照度均匀性的因素，分别针对光源遮挡屏形状、导轨透光率，运用Lighttools 光学仿真软件模拟了其对照度均匀性的影响。根据分析结果，更新检测仪原有的照明系统，将检测仪投入工业现场进行实际分拣测试。实验结果表明，改进的照明系统将设备的钢球缺陷球漏检率降低至0.02%，提升了检测精度，光源的优化设计符合理论推导和仿真预期结果。

An improved illumination is developed to reduce the false acceptance rate of the existing steel ball surface inspection system. A mathematical model was established to help finding out the factors having influence on the illumination uniformity. And Lighttools simulation was applied to simulate the influence of the light source shielding screen shape and guide rail transmittance on illumination uniformity. In our experiment, a new illumination device based on the analysis of simulation performance was designed and implemented into the inspection system. The result shows that the improved illumination reduces the false acceptance rate to 0.02% and increases the inspection accuracy. The improved illumination meets the theoretical derivation and expectation of computer simulation.