通过开展土壤分散性高光谱测量实验, 首次明确了舟曲泥石流源区土壤分散性敏感波段位置、 建立了土壤分散性高光谱探测模型、 探讨了土壤分散性高光谱探测机理。 结果表明, （1）傅里叶变换可以将光谱从时间域转换为频率域, 实现对光谱信号与噪声的分离。 通过开发矿物组分精细鉴别系统, 实现了光谱去噪, 为构建土壤分散性高光谱探测模型提供了高保真数据源; （2）基于多元线性回归分析法建立的土壤分散性高光谱探测模型在研究区具有较好的预测能力, 所确定的敏感波段位置及其反射率与土壤分散性具有较高的相关性; （3）分析矿物光谱结果表明, 土壤分散性高光谱探测的敏感波段位置实际上反映了土壤矿物组分及其所吸附的离子类型, 揭示了导致土壤分散的深层原因: 与舟曲泥石流源区土壤分散性关系最为密切的是钠离子, 其次是方解石、 蒙脱石和伊利石, 与绿泥石、 高岭石、 pH值、 石英、 钾长石、 斜长石等的相关性较弱。 其原因主要是与钠离子所具有的离子价低、 半径小、 水化力强的特点, 方解石所具有的水溶性特点, 蒙脱石所具有的层间结合力极弱、 易吸附钠离子的特点, 伊利石在高PH值条件下所具有的强吸附阳离子、 高土壤分散性的特性有关。

Sensitive band positions, models and the principles of soil dispersion detected by hyperspectral remote sensing were firstly discussed according to the results of soil dispersive hyperspectral remote sensing experiment. Results showed that, (1) signals and noises could be separated by Fourier transformation. A finely mineral identification system was developed to remove spectral noises and provide highly accurate data for establishing soil dispersive model; (2) Soil dispersive hyperspectral remote sensing model established by the multiple linear regression method was good at soil dispersion forecasting for the high correlation between sensitive bands and the soil dispersions. (3) According to mineral spectra, soil minerals and their absorbed irons were reflected by sensitive bands which revealed reasons causing soils to be dispersive. Sodium was the closest iron correlated with soil dispersion. The secondary was calcite, montmorillonite and illite. However, the correlation between soil dispersion and chlorite, kaolinite, PH value, quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase was weak. The main reason was probably that sodium was low in ionic valence, small ionic radius and strong hydration forces; calcite was high water soluble and illite was weak binding forces between two layers under high pH value.