拉曼光谱通过记录光与物质作用时频率的改变, 进而获得物质分子振动、 转动信息, 从而实现物质分子结构及其变化的检测。 相比于常规生化检测分析方法, 拉曼光谱技术具有无损、 非标记检测及对检测样品要求低等优点。 拉曼光谱技术已广泛应用于生物医学领域的研究, 如人体组织、 器官、 细胞以及人体体液的各种疾病诊断、 检测研究。 本文主要综述了拉曼光谱技术在人体精液的研究进展, 首先介绍了拉曼光谱技术(包含表面增强拉曼光谱)在法医学领域针对精液整体开展的研究及相关的数据处理方法, 然后重点介绍拉曼光谱在男性生殖生育方面的研究, 即分别介绍了可客观反映精液质量及男性生殖生育能力的基于精液(精浆)拉曼光谱的定性和定量检测分析; 另外, 介绍了基于显微拉曼光谱技术开展的单精子水平的精子质量的刻画和评估, 以及目前研究初步获得的有望用于优质精子判别的拉曼光谱标记指标, 最后展望了拉曼光谱技术在生殖生育领域的应用发展前景。

Raman spectroscopy which belongs to scattering spectroscopy obtained molecular vibrational and rotational information to achieve detection and analysis of molecular structure and corresponding changes through recording the frequency shift when light interacted with materials. Compared with routine biochemical analysis, Raman spectroscopy has the advantage of non-invasive, label-free and no sample requirement. Raman spectroscopy has been widely applied in biomedical field such as human tissue, organs, cells and human body fluids for disease diagnosis. This article mainly focuses on recent research advances of Raman spectroscopy in human semen. Firstly, Raman spectroscopy(including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS) employed in forensic science for semen analysis, and some related data processing methods were introduced, then Raman spectroscopy involved investigations of male fertility was highlighted, more specifically, the Raman-based qualitative and quantitative analysis which assist the objective detection and evaluation of male fertility. Furthermore, studies of single sperm cell based on micro-Raman system to characterize and evaluate sperm quality and the preliminarily obtained Raman biomarkers which indicate high-quality sperm cell were introduced. Finally, the potential development of Raman spectroscopy involved in reproduction and fertility field was also discussed.