油罐池火燃烧污染强度大、 范围广, 航天遥感可成为实时动态监测油罐池火灾污染的新途径。 航天遥感监测以目标光谱特性分析为基础, 针对油料池火焰光谱特性研究不足的现状, 通过构建全火焰红外测试系统, 在室外开放空间条件下对多种油料及混合油料池火焰光谱, 其他可燃物火焰的发射光谱进行了测试分析研究, 光谱范围1~14 μm。结果表明: 92#汽油、 95#汽油、 0#柴油、 航空煤油、 润滑油池火焰的光谱曲线特征相似, 在特定的波长处存在特征发射峰, 在1.1, 2.4, 2.8及6.3 μm附近存在H2O特征发射峰, 在4.2及4.5 μm附近存在CO2发射峰, 在3.4 μm处存在C—H伸缩振动发射峰, 6.3 μm后各光谱曲线无明显特征峰。 92#汽油与0#柴油以不同比例混合的池火焰光谱与各油料池火焰光谱相比也无明显差别。 92#汽油池火焰光谱与木柴及纸张火焰光谱相比, 在3.4 μm处存在特征发射峰; 酒精火焰光谱虽然在3.4 μm附近也有类似辐射发射, 但辐射强度与4.5 μm处CO2的辐射强度之比远低于92#汽油池火焰光谱在此两波段处辐射强度之比; 蜂窝煤火焰光谱近似灰体辐射光谱。 各燃料火焰光谱的差异主要由燃料的化学组成及燃烧反应机理的差异决定的。 对92#汽油池火焰连续区、 间歇区及烟气区的光谱特性进行了比较分析, 结果表明3.4 μm处的C—H伸缩振动峰只存在于连续区, 证明了该发射峰是参与燃烧化学反应的油气产生的, 该结果与油料池火燃烧反应机理吻合。 实验结论对基于光谱特性分析的油料池火焰遥感识别具有重要借鉴意义。

In virtue of the severity and scale of the pollution caused by oil pool flame, space remote sensing can provide us a new way of monitoring in real time the oil pool flame pollution. Space remote sensing monitoring is based on the analysis of target spectrum characteristics. Due to lack of adequate researches on the characteristics of infrared spectrum of oil pool flame, this paper carries out the analytical study on flame spectrums of several types of oil, mixed oil and other combustible objects in outdoor space by establishing all-flame infrared testing system with the spectrum range of 1～14 μm. The results show that the spectrum curves of oil pool flame of 92# gasoline, 95# gasoline, 0# diesel, aviation kerosene and lube have similar features, that there exist characteristics emission peaks at the area of certain wave lengths—H2O characteristics emission peak for 1.1, 2.4, 2.8 and 6.3 μm, CO2 characteristics emission peak for 4.2 and 4.5 μm, C—H stretching vibration emission peak for 3.4 μm, and no obvious characteristics peak for spectrum curves of 6.3 μm and above; that there is no obvious difference in the spectrum of oil pool flame among the mixtures of 92# gasoline and 0# diesel at different proportions, that the comparison of the flame spectrum of 92# gasoline with that of wood and paper shows that there appears a characteristics emission peak at 3.4 μm; that though the flame spectrum of alcohol has similar radiated emission near 3.4 μm, the proportion of its radiation intensity to that of CO2 at 4.5 μm is far less than that for the flame spectrum of 92# gasoline; that the flame spectrum of honeycomb briquette is similar to that of gray body radiation. The differences in flame spectrum among all kinds of combustible materials are closely linked to their chemical compositions and burning reaction mechanisms. Comparative analysis on the spectrum characteristics at continuous area, intermission area and flue gas area shows that C—H stretching vibration peak only exists in continuous area, which proves that the emission peak is caused by the combustible reaction of oil and gas. This result is in line with the mechanism of oil pool combustion reaction. The experimental conclusion is of great significance in the remote-sensing recognition of oil pool flame based on the analysis of spectrum characteristics.