过氧亚硝酸根作为生物体内高活性自由基, 能损伤多种生物大分子进而引起一系列重大疾病, 对其含量测定和反应机制的研究具有重要意义。 过氧亚硝酸根性质活泼, 反应速率快, 捕捉其动态过程十分困难。 本文首次利用流动注射分析仪探究在不同模拟酶血红蛋白和氯化血红素的催化下, 过氧亚硝酸根氧化酪氨酸体系的动力学特征。 结果表明: 过氧亚硝酸根在两种酶催化下氧化酪氨酸的过程均遵循Michaelis-Menten的动力学规律； 根据米氏常数Km和最大初速率Vmax, 推断其反应机制, 经模拟酶催化的过氧亚硝酸根能直接氧化与模拟酶结合后的酪氨酸快速生成酪氨酸二聚体, 未生成·OH和O－2·。 此外, 我们还检测了不同温度、 pH下两种模拟酶催化的速率常数, 得到血红蛋白催化该体系的最适条件为25 ℃和pH 8.0, 速率常数kcat=1.035×106 mol·L-1·s-1, 氯化血红素适宜在37 ℃和pH 9.5的条件下催化该体系, 速率常数kcat=6.842×105 mol·L-1·s-1； 比较动力学参数KHbm(4.46 μmol·L-1)VHeminmax(0.026 ΔIF/s), 发现最适条件下血红蛋白的速率常数大于氯化血红素, 得到血红蛋白对于该体系的催化活性高于氯化血红素。 以上结果为探究酶催化法测定过氧亚硝酸根含量及其反应机理提供动力学参数, 对于防治生物体内自由基引起的相关疾病与诊断新技术的开发奠定理论基础。

As a highly active free radical in vivo, peroxynitrite can damage various biological macromolecules and cause a series of major diseases, which is of great significance to determine its content and reactive mechanism. It is very difficult to capture the dynamic process of peroxynitrite due to its active property and fast reacted rate. In this paper, we firstly explored the kinetic characteristics of peroxynitrite and tyrosine with the presence of Hemoglobin and Hemin by using flow injection analyzer. The results showed that the oxidation processes of peroxynitrite and tyrosine catalyzed with hemoglobin and hemin were in accordance with Michaelis-Menten’s dynamics law; Based on the Michaelis constant (Km) and the maximum initial rate (Vmax), we deduced the reaction mechanism that peroxynitrite, catalyzed by mimic enzymes, directly oxidized tyrosine combined with mimic enzymes, rather than decomposed to ·OH and O－2·; In addition, we detected the rate constant of the reaction catalyzed by these two kinds of enzymes at different temperature and pH, resulting that the optimum conditions of hemoglobin to catalyze this system were 25 ℃ and pH 8, the rate constant was 1.035×106 mol·L-1·s-1, while hemin was 37 ℃ and pH 9.5, the rate constant was 6.842×105 mol·L-1·s-1; Comparing the kinetic parameters, KmHb(4.46 μmol·L-1)VHeminmax(0.026 ΔIF/s), we discovered that the rate constant of hemoglobin in optimum condition was greater than that in hemin, and the catalytic activity of hemoglobin was higher than that of hemin. All these results have provided kinetic parameters for the study of determining the content of peroxynitrite and exploring its reaction mechanism with enzymatic method. It also laid a theoretical foundation for developing new diagnosis technology to prevent and cure diseases caused by free radicals in vivo.