红外制导系统发现、识别和跟踪目标主要依据背景、目标物辐射特性和对比特性信息。气溶胶及其能见度变化是大气环境中影响红外辐射传输的主要因素之一。以标准大气为例,开展了气溶胶及其能见度变化对中、远红外光谱区间(3～5.m,8～12.m) 大气透过率和目标背景对比度的影响分析,重点分析了标准大气中相同能见度不同气溶胶类型及同气溶胶类型不同能见度对中远红外传输特性的影响。结果显示: 大气透过率对目标背景对比度的理论计算值有重要影响。在其他大气条件既定情况下,气溶胶及其能见度变化对两波段的透过特性和目标识别效果影响明显,且以 8～12.m波段的好于 3～5.m的。同能见度不同气溶胶类型下的透过率和目标背景对比度差异较大,需要考虑气溶胶的影响。在中远红外区间,3.4～4.2.m和 9.5～12.m波段内的透过率和目标背景对比度平均值相对较大,变化振幅小,可作为**使用理想波段加以选择应用。

The infrared guided weapon is mainly based on the characteristics of the radiation and contrast about target and background to detect, recognize and track the target. The aerosol and visibility have great influence on infrared radiation in the atmosphere. The article analyzed the effect of aerosol and visibility on the mid and far infrared light-wave transmission in the standard atmosphere and mainly focused on the effect of aerosols within the same visibility and the same aerosol about different kinds of visibility on the mid and far-infrared (3-5.m, 8-12.m) light-wave transmission. The results show that the target-background contrast is mainly influenced by atmosphere transmittance. The types of aerosol and visibility contribute a lot to transmittance and target-background contrast under the standard atmosphere. And both of transmittance and contrast in the band of 8-12.m are always better than those in the band of 3-5.m. Also, transmittance and contrast have great difference in different aerosols within the same visibility. In the both 4 typical aerosols within the same visibility and the aerosol of rural about 5 kinds of visibility, the 3.4-4.2.m and 9.5-12.m bands are highly recommended in the target detection for their higher average value of transmittance and contrast.