为探索棉花短季直播高产栽培模式, 采用多因子最优混合设计(311设计)研究了播期、栽培密度和施氮量对早熟品种JX0010的农艺性状、干物质积累分配的影响。结果表明, 不同处理对棉花生育进程有一定影响, 播种期是影响棉花生育期的主要因子, 各处理生育进程随播种期的推迟而缩短。不同处理株高、果枝层数、果枝始节、果节数差异都达到了显著水平, 栽培因子对株高、果枝始节高度、果节数的影响大小顺序为密度>施氮量>播期, 对果枝层数影响的顺序为播期>密度>施氮量, 适量的施氮、合理密植以及适当推迟播期能增大植株高度, 增加棉株果节数。不同处理棉花地上部分单株干物质积累、群体干物质积累、单株营养器官干物质积累、生殖器官干物质积累变化趋势基本呈“S”型, 不同处理干物质分配系数表现出随着生育进程的推进, 营养器官所占比重降低, 生殖器官所占比重逐渐升高的趋势。

This study explored the effect of the short-season and direct seeding cultivation on cotton agronomic traits. The 311 optimal regression design was performed to investigate the effects of sowing date, density and nitrogen application rate on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and distribution of early-maturing variety JX0010.The results showed that different treatments had a certain effect on the growth of cotton, and the sowing date was the main factor affecting the cotton growth stage, and the process of treatment was shortened with the delay of sowing date. There was significant difference in plant height, branch number, branch first number, branch node number between the different treatment. The results showed that the effect of the plant height,first branch node to the cultivation factors was in order of density＞nitrogen＞sowing date, branch numbers was in order of sowing date ＞density＞nitrogen. The plant height and branch node number were increased with the proper increase of N application and density and delay sowing date.Dry matter accumulation of single plant,group, vegetative and reproductive organs of different treatment cotton showed “S” type curve. The distribution coefficient of different treatments showed that the proportion of vegetative organs decreased and the proportion of reproductive organs increased gradually along with the advancement of the growth process.