在种鸡蛋孵化过程中, 部分种蛋由于未受精不能正常出雏, 不但会造成大量浪费, 还有可能引起霉菌感染其他种蛋, 利用可见/近红外透射光谱分析技术可以对种鸡蛋中的受精蛋和无精蛋进行检测。 为研究孵化初期无精蛋最佳的判别时间, 本文通过对孵化环境下种鸡蛋品质随时间变化的研究, 最终发现在孵化24 h内的种鸡蛋品质还在新鲜状态, 在72 h后的种鸡蛋品质变为不可食用级别, 最终发现36 h内是最佳的判别时间。 研制了基于可见/近红外透射光谱的静态采集系统, 并使用该系统进行了光谱采集。 对比同一品种不同样品及不同品种的光谱建模效果, 剔除了由蛋黄与蛋壳颜色造成的样本光谱差异区域, 选取的有效光谱波段为355～590和670～1 025 nm。 采用主成分分析法进行预处理, 通过不同时间、 不同主成分数建模效果的比较, 确定最佳的主成分数。 同时采用多元散射校正、 附加散射校正、 导数校正与主成分分析的光谱预处理方法在不同的建模方法下进行对比, 并考虑到实际应用与最终的生产效益, 建立了有效的判别模型。 最佳判别模型为使用24h时采集光谱且采用主成分分析法进行数据预处理并使用Fisher算法建立的模型, 判别准确率能达到87.18%。 该研究为早期受精蛋与无精蛋的无损伤在线鉴别提供了一种新的方法。

In the process of chicken egg hatching, some eggs can not be hatched successfully due to the absence of fertilization. These eggs not only cause a lot of waste, but also infect other normal eggs with bacteria. In the study, the fertilized eggs and clear eggs is identified by using the visible/near-infrared spectrum. It is of great necessity to get the best time of identifying the clear eggs in the early of hatching, so the variation of eggs’ quality in the condition of hatching over time is studied. The results show that eggs are fresh after 24 hours’ hatching and eggs can not be eaten after 72 hours’ hatching while the best time of identification is within 36 hours. Static acquisition system is developed based on visible/near-infrared transmission spectrum for acquiring spectrum. Comparing the effect of the model of the different samples of same breed and samples of different breed, the different part of spectrum among fertilized eggs and clear eggs is deleted which caused by the color of eggshell and yolk, the effective spectral band are 355～590 and 670～1 025 nm. Adopting the pretreatment of PCA and comparing the accuracy of the various mathematical models with different time and the number of principal components decide the best number of principal components. Considering the production efficiency and comparing the different pretreatment methods of spectrum, for examples, SNV, MSC, Derivative correction and PCA, and various mathematical models are combined to establish the most efficient discriminant model. The result shows that the most efficient discriminant model is established with Fisher and based on the pretreatment of PCA after 24 hours’ hatching. And the precision rate is 87.18%. The study provides a new way for nondestructive and online identification of the fertilized eggs and clear eggs.