掺铥光纤激光器可广泛应用于激光医疗、人眼安全雷达、非金属材料加工、光电对抗等众多领域，具有其他波段光纤激光器不可替代的重要作用。主要介绍了本课题组在高功率超短脉冲掺铥光纤激光器方面的研究进展，包括利用光纤布拉格光栅控制锁模掺铥光纤振荡器的脉冲宽度和光谱形状，实现了2 μm波段高重复频率、高稳定性的皮秒脉冲激光输出。同时，采用该皮秒脉冲激光作为种子源，研制出了百瓦量级全光纤结构的皮秒掺铥光纤放大器，最后一级功率放大器的最大平均输出功率为120.4 W，脉冲宽度为16 ps。此外，设计并搭建了全光纤全保偏结构的皮秒掺铥光纤放大系统，实现了平均功率为240 W的线偏振皮秒脉冲激光输出，偏振消光比大于15 dB，脉冲宽度为45 ps。

Thulium-doped fiber lasers is widely applied in laser medical, eye-safe radar, nonmetal material processing, and electro-optical countermeasure system, which has an irreplaceable role compared to other wavelength fiber lasers. Here, the progress on high power ultra-short pulse thulium-doped fiber lasers of our group is mainly introduced, which includes the controlling of pulse width and spectrum shape of mode-locked thulium-doped fiber oscillator by using fiber Bragg grating. High repetition and high stability picosecond pulsed laser output at waveband of 2 μm is realized. Using the picosecond fiber oscillator as a seed source, we demonstrate a picosecond thulium-doped fiber amplifier with hectowatt all-fiber structure. The maximum average output power of final step power amplifier is 120.4 W, corresponding to the pulse duration of 16 ps. In addition, we also design and build an all-fiber, all-polarization-maintaining structure, and picosecond thulium-doped fiber amplifier system. The linear polarization picosecond pulsed laser output with average power of 240 W is realized. The polarization extinction ratio is greater than 15 dB, and the pulse duration is 45 ps.