为了实现用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体的快速高精度定标, 依据标准散射体校准前向散射式能见度仪的校准原理, 建立定标系统中光学系统的误差分析方法.分析标准散射体定标系统的工作原理, 结合其光学系统、机械结构的加工及装调偏差, 建立了标准散射体定标系统的光学系统模型并设计实验证明其正确性.分析影响定标系统中光学系统精度的主要误差, 得到标准散射体定标系统中光学系统的误差传递模型.通过对畸变偏差、像面位置偏差、主点位置偏差、像面倾斜偏差和焦距偏差的分析, 提出了一种系统综合误差分析的方法并建立了综合偏差模型, 对每个偏差单独分析, 得出畸变偏差、像面位置偏差、主点位置偏差、像面倾斜偏差和焦距偏差的偏差范围依次为0.024 mm, 0.399 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.28 rad和0.392 mm.该研究为提高用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体定标系统的精度以及校准时误差的来源分析与补偿提供理论依据.

In order to realize the rapid and high precision calibration of standard scattering plate used in calibrating visibility meter, based on the calibration principle which a standard scattering plate calibrates a forward scattering visibility meter, an error analysis method for the optical system of the standard scattering plate calibration system used in a calibration visibility meter was established. The working principles of the calibration system were analyzed, and subsequently, a model of this optical system was established with a combination of the deviation arising from its optical system, fabrication and adjustment. Further, an experiment was designed to validate the model’s correctness. Next, the main errors that affect the precision of the scattering plate’s optical system were analyzed, for which an error propagation model was constructed. Finally, a comprehensive error analysis method for the system is proposed and a comprehensive deviation model is developed according to the analysis of the deviation of distortion, image plane position, principal point position, image plane inclination, and focal length. Each deviation is analyzed respectively, and the allowable deviation range of the deviation of distortion, image plane position, principal point position, image plane inclination, and focal length are, in order, 0.024 mm, 0.399 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.28 rad and 0.392 mm. Consequently, there is theoretical basis for precision improvement of the calibration system and the error sources analysis and compensation during calibration.