自激光器问世以来, 激光在各领域的需求和应用非常广泛, 而随着高功率激光装备输出功率不断提高, 重量与体积已成为制约高功率激光装备应用与发展的关键问题之一。由于当前高功率激光装备仍将提高输出功率作为其发展目标, 加之高功率激光装备结构功能复杂、能量转换效率低等特点, 制约了高功率激光装备小型化、轻量化的实现。本文在介绍高功率激光装备的特点及其小型化、轻量化技术约束的基础上, 综述了装备常用小型化、轻量化技术应用、新型高功率激光技术应用、提高能量转换效率及散热效率等高功率激光装备小型化、轻量化实现途径, 以及各种技术途径在高功率激光装备中已有的应用。根据高功率激光装备现状及特点, 其在小型化、轻量化方面具有很大的发展空间及应用前景。

Since the laser was invented, laser is widely demanded and applied in various fields. With the in creasement of the lasers′ output power, the heavy weight and huge volume has become one of the restrictions for the development of high-power laser system. Because of the requirement for high power output, the complicated structure and low energy conversion efficiency, it is difficult for high-power laser systems to realize the miniaturization and lightweight. Features of high-power laser system and the restrictions in miniaturization and lightweight are introduced in this paper. On the basis of this, approaches such as application of miniaturization and lightweight technology for common equipment, new high-power laser technologies, methods to improve energy conversion efficiency and heat radiation efficiency which can match the characteristics of the high-power laser system as well as their use in high-power laser systems are reviewed. According to the characteristics and development situation of high-power laser system, these technologies have great potential in reducing the weight and volume efficiently.