超连续谱激光指的是当泵浦激光穿过特殊光波导时, 一系列的非线性效应引起入射激光束的光谱展宽, 从而输出宽光谱激光束。 随着超快激光和光子晶体光纤技术的发展, 利用超短脉冲在光子晶体光纤中的传播链产生相干的且亮度高的超连续谱激光成为了一种理想的白光源。 自从超连续谱激光源投入应用以来, 其应用领域越来越广。 尤其在生物医学的细胞、 血液等样品分析当中, 荧光光谱学、 流式细胞仪、 共焦显微、 光学相干层析等技术都是强有力的分析工具, 在采用这些先进技术的科学仪器中, 超连续谱激光源成为了一种主要光学部件。 首先对超连续谱激光源的国际研究进展作了详细介绍, 然后对超连续激光光谱技术在显微成像、 流式细胞仪、 荧光寿命成像显微、 荧光共振能量转移、 光学相干层析、 共焦显微生物医学分析等生物医学领域中的发展及应用作了综合阐述。 对超连续激光光谱技术在非接触式血液制品鉴别的需求、 方案及研究进展进行了重点论述, 包括覆盖400～2　000　nm光谱范围的光纤化轻型超连续谱激光光源研究; 采用超连续谱激光光谱方法探索不同物种血液的种属特征; 根据大数据的血液样品光谱特征元数据库分析建立数学模型, 利用数学模型实现对血液样品种属光谱学判定; 血液鉴别光谱分析便携式整机系统研发等。 对超连续激光光谱技术在生物医学领域的应用前景作了展望。

Supercontinuum laser refers to the spectral broadening of an incident laser beam due to a series of nonlinear effects when the incident beam passes through a special light guide. With the development of ultrafast lasers and the photonic crystal fiber technology, the coherent and bright supercontinuum laser, generated with ultrashort pulses propagating in photonic crystal fibers, has become a kind of ideal white light source. Since supercontinuum lasers have been put into practice, their application domain is getting wider, especially for cells and bloods analysis in the biomedical field with fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and optical coherence tomography as powerful analysis tools. Supercontinuum laser source has become one of the mail optical components in these scientific instruments that employ advanced technologies. In this paper, international research progress on supercontinuum laser sources was introduced in detail firstly, and then the development and application of supercontinuum laser spectroscopy technology in biomedical fields, such as microscopic imaging, flow cytometry instrument, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, optical coherence tomography, and confocal microscopy was comprehensively elaborated. The requirements, schemes and research progress of supercontinuum laser spectroscopy technologies in the noncontact identification for blood products were also discussed in the paper, including studies on light fiber supercontinuum laser sources with spectra range from 400 to 2000nm, distinguishing species characteristic of bloods with supercontinuum laser spectroscopy, analyzing and establishing mathematical models based on meta databases of big data bloods spectra, determining the bloods species based on these models, and developing portable instruments for bloods spectra identification. Finally, the prospect of applications of supercontinuum laser spectroscopy in the biomedical field is discussed.