光谱学与光谱分析, 2017, 37 (2): 356, 网络出版: 2017-06-20  

基于106 μm波长的谐振腔型石墨烯光电探测器的信噪比分析

The Analysis of Microcavity-Integrated Graphene Photodetector’s SNR Based on 106 μm
作者单位
北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院, 北京 100191
摘要
雪崩光电二极管由于具有高增益特性而广泛应用于激光测距机中, 但由于在电流倍增过程中引入的高附加噪声, 使激光测距机进一步提高信噪比遇到了瓶颈。 石墨烯具有高电子迁移率、 零带隙结构、 独特光吸收系数等特性使其广泛应用于激光器、 光调制器、 透明电极以及超快光电探测器。 该研究提出了一种高信噪比的谐振腔型石墨烯光电探测器的设计方法。 以波长为106 μm的激光为例, 采用光学传输矩阵法和散射矩阵法, 研究了光波在谐振腔传输和吸收层吸收的机理, 建立了谐振腔型光电探测器的光吸收模型, 通过优化, 器件最终量子效率达到912%, 响应度达到0778 A·W-1, 半高全宽达到6 nm; 分析石墨烯在谐振腔中的位置对器件吸收率的影响, 发现在满足谐振条件下, 器件吸收率随石墨烯位置呈现周期性变化, 腔长的改变不改变吸收率峰值, 而是改变了吸收率峰值对应的石墨烯在谐振腔中的位置, 当腔长是入射光半波长的n倍时, 随着石墨烯位置变化, 将出现2n个吸收率峰值, 且关于谐振腔中心点对称分布; 选择石墨烯距顶层反射镜0402 8 μm时, 器件吸收率达到94%, 相比单层石墨烯, 吸收率提高了16 dB; 通过对比求解谐振腔型石墨烯光电探测器和雪崩光电二极管信噪比方程, 得出谐振腔型石墨烯光电探测器信噪比可达到903, 较雪崩光电二极管提高了10 dB; 理论分析表明, 谐振腔型石墨烯光电探测器具有高吸收率、 高量子效率和高信噪比, 研究成果将对激光测距机接收系统中光电探测器的更新设计和应用提供理论参考。
Abstract
Avalanche photodiode is widely used in laser rangefinder due to high gain characteristics, but introduces highly additive noise during the time of current’s multiplication that makes laser rangefinder’s SNR meet bottleneck. This paper proposes a method of designing a high SNR’s graphene photodetector based on microcavity. The graphene’s unique optoelectronic properties make it an ideal platform for a variety of photonic applications, such as fast lasers, optical modulators, transparent electrodes, and ultrafast photodetectors. It has been recognized internationally to have dominant advantages in photodetectors due to its high carrier mobility, gapless spectrum, and frequency-independent absorption coefficient. With the wavelength of 106 μm, the mechanism of light waves’ transmission in the cavity and the graphehne’s absorption are studied by using optical transmission matrix method and scattering matrix method; the light absorption model of the graphene photodetector based on microcavity is established. Device’s final quantum efficiency reaches 912%, respectively reaches 0778 A·W-1, its full width at half maximum (FWHM) reaches 6 nm; the influence between graphene’s position in the microcavity and device’s absorption shows that device’s absorption’s peak value changes periodically with graphene’s position under resonant condition, and the variety of length of microcavity does not have any influence on the peak value, but changes the graphene’s position when absorption reaches peak value, on the condition that the length of microcavity is n times of half of wavelength, the number of device’s absorption peak value is 2n with the variety of graphene’s position, and all the peak values are symmetrical with respect to the center of microcavity, the final graphene’s position is 0402 8 mm away from the top mirror of microcavity, and the absorption reaches 94%, Compared with single layer graphene, the absorption rate increases 16 dB; By solving SNR equation of the graphene photodetector based on microcavity and SNR equation of the avalanche photodiode, eventually finds that the SNR of the graphene photodetector based on microcavity is 903, which raises 10 dB compared with the avalanche photodiode’s. Theoretical analysis shows the graphene photodetector based on microcavity has high absorption rate, high quantum efficiency, and high SNR. In this paper, the research achievements provide a theoretical reference to update and design higher SNR photodetector used in laser rangefinder’s receiving system.

梁振江, 刘海霞, 刘凯铭, 牛燕雄, 尹贻恒. 基于106 μm波长的谐振腔型石墨烯光电探测器的信噪比分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2017, 37(2): 356. LIANG Zhen-jiang, LIU Hai-xia, LIU Kai-ming, NIU Yan-xiong, YIN Yi-heng. The Analysis of Microcavity-Integrated Graphene Photodetector’s SNR Based on 106 μm[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2017, 37(2): 356.

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