采用X射线荧光仪、 X射线衍射分析仪、 扫描电子显微镜及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱等现代检测手段对汤家墩遗址的炉壁、 炉渣及炉渣中的金属颗粒进行分析, 进而探讨汤家墩古铜冶炼技术。 结果表明: 汤家墩遗址的炉壁为冶炼炉炉壁, 炉渣为还原渣; 根据铜颗粒中As, Ag, Sb, Bi等微量元素的含量, 可以计算出汤家墩遗址炼渣中的铜颗粒来自于硫化铜矿的概率高达87.87%以上, 从而表明汤家墩是采用“硫化铜—铜”的冶铜工艺进行冶炼的早期青铜文化遗址。 这一研究结果不仅有利于枞阳地区青铜文化遗产的深入研究, 而且对于探究枞庐地区青铜冶铸技术的发展与演变具有非常重要的意义。

The furnace walls and slags from Tangjiadun site in Zongyang County of Anhui Province were analyzed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in order to probe into the copper smelting technology of Tangjiadun site. Results show that the furnace walls are from the copper smelting furnaces and the slags are the reduced slag. According to the concentrations of elements As, Ag, Sb and Bi in copper prills, it can be calculated that relative probabilities that these copper prills in the slags come from the copper sulfide ore reach over 87. 87%. Combined with the results of SEM-EDS, the smelting process of “copper sulphide ore-copper” was used in Tangjiadun site, and the smelting remains (slags and prills) were considered as the smelting products of sulphide copper ore. This study is not only beneficial to research on bronze cultural of Zongyang County, but also has very important significance to explore the development and evolution of bronze metallurgy technology in Zongyang-Lujiang area.