研究以上皮型胸膜间皮瘤, 纤维型胸膜间皮瘤, 结核型胸膜炎与正常胸膜组织为材料, 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱分析组织中生物大分子的结构及含量的改变。 研究发现, 四种胸膜组织的傅里叶红外光谱较为相似, 但存在明显区别, 四种胸膜组织红外光谱数据方差差异极显著(sig.<0.001), 说明胸膜间皮瘤中生物大分子的含量及结构发生了明显变化, 主要包括: (1)胸膜间皮瘤蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ带及酰胺Ⅱ带, 核酸1 232 cm-1峰强, 脂类物质2 922 cm-1峰强均显著高于正常人胸膜组织, 与正常胸膜组织存在显著区别; 纤维型胸膜间皮瘤中, 蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ带及酰胺Ⅱ带峰强, 与核酸密切相关的1 078 cm-1峰强, 以及与脂类物质相关的2 922和2 854 cm-1峰强均显著高于上皮型胸膜间皮瘤(p<0.05); 结核型胸膜炎蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ带及酰胺Ⅱ、 核酸1 232和1 078 cm-1峰强略有增加, 但与正常胸膜组织差异不显著(p>0.05), 与脂类物质含量有关2 922 cm-1峰强、 2 854 cm-1峰强, 极显著地高于正常胸膜组织(p<0.0１), 显著高于胸膜间皮瘤(p<0.05)。 (2)蛋白质、 核酸、 脂类物质的相对峰强I1 641/I2 922, I1 641/I1 232, I1 232/I1 078, I1 078/I1 546, I1 078/I2 854, I2 922/I1 232, I1 458/I1 400能有效放大四类胸膜组织间的差异, 其效果优于峰强效果, 可作为胸膜间皮瘤诊断的优化指标。 (3)上皮型胸膜间皮瘤中指示核酸分子中磷酸二酯键的C—C/C—O的1 078 cm-1峰强以及指示脂类物质的2 854 cm-1峰强显著低于纤维型胸膜间皮瘤和正常胸膜组织(p<0.05), 表明上皮型胸膜间皮瘤中磷酸二酯键断裂程度较高, DNA受损严重, 膜脂过氧化降解明显。 说明上皮型胸膜间皮瘤恶化程度高于纤维型胸膜间皮瘤。 (4)胸膜间皮瘤蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ带、 Ⅱ带谱带、 核酸1 232 cm-1峰、 脂类物质1 458 cm-1处CH2振动及1 400 cm-1处CH3振动红移, 说明蛋白质分子间的氢键受到破坏, 核酸分子的氢键结合力减弱, 核酸分子的双链结构受到一定程度的破坏, 肿瘤组织中膜脂的亚甲基链趋向无序。 (5)傅里叶红外光谱能有效区分纤维型胸膜间皮瘤、 上皮型胸膜间皮瘤、 结核型胸膜炎、 正常胸膜组织, 为胸膜间皮瘤与结核型胸膜炎的早期、 快速诊断提供了可靠的数据。

In this study, with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the structure and content of biological macromolecules in epithelial pleural mesothelioma, fibrous pleural mesothelioma, tuberculous pleurisy, and normal pleural tissue is analyzed. It is found that the FTIR spectra of these four kinds of pleural tissue are similar; however, there are some obvious differences. There is a significant difference in the infrared spectral data between the four pleural tissues (p<0.001), which indicates significant changes in the structure and content of biological macromolecules, namely: (1) pleural mesothelioma protein amides Ⅰ and Ⅱ: peak intensities of nucleic acid at 1 232 cm-1 and lipids at 2 922 cm-1 are significantly higher than those in normal pleural tissue; In the fibrous pleural mesothelioma, peak intensity of protein amides Ⅰ and Ⅱ, peak intensity closely related to nucleic acid at 1 078 cm-1, and peak intensity related to lipids at 2 922 cm-1 and at 2 854 cm-1 are significantly higher than those in epithelial mesothelioma (p<0.05); tuberculous pleurisy protein amides Ⅰ and Ⅱ, nucleic acid peak intensity at 1 232 and 1 078 cm-1 increases slightly, but there are no significant differences compared with normal pleural tissue (p>0.05), peak intensity related to lipid content at 2 922 and 2 854 cm-1 is notably higher than that in normal pleural tissue (p<0.01) and pleural mesothelioma (p<0.05). (2) The relative peak intensity of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids I1 641/I2 922, I1 641/I1 232, I1 232/I1 078, I1 078/I1 546, I1 078/I2 854, I2 922/I1 232, I1 458/I1 400 can effectively enlarge the differences between the four types of pleural tissue, which has better effect than peak intensity; it can be used as an optimization index for diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma. (3) Peak intensity at 1 078 cm-1 of nucleic acid molecule phosphodiester bond C—C/C—O in epithelial pleural mesothelioma and peak intensity at 2 854 cm-1 of lipid are significantly lower than that of fibrous pleural mesothelioma and normal pleural tissue (p<0.05), which shows that the phosphodiester bond of epithelial pleural mesothelioma is seriously fractured, DNA damage is serious, and membrane lipid peroxidation is significant. This indicates that the epithelial pleural mesothelioma deteriorates more seriously than fibrous pleural mesothelioma. (4) FTIR can effectively distinguish fibrous pleural mesothelioma, epithelial pleural mesothelioma, tuberculous pleurisy and normal pleural tissue, and it provides reliable data for the early and rapid diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma and tuberculous pleurisy.