为了优化激光打孔参量和提高激光打孔成型质量, 采用正交实验法对5mm厚的SUS304不锈钢材料进行激光打孔实验研究和理论分析, 测量和计算得到了激光打孔上下孔径和锥度的数据, 并采用极差分析法得到了脉冲宽度、脉冲能量、重复频率、离焦量和脉冲个数等参量对小孔锥度的影响程度以及SUS304不锈钢激光打孔的最优实验参量组合。结果表明, 离焦量、脉冲宽度和脉冲个数对孔锥度的影响较大, 重复频率和脉冲能量的影响较小, 优化后的激光参量为脉冲宽度0.5ms、脉冲能量2.5J、重复频率40Hz、离焦量0mm、脉冲个数200个。采用优化后的激光参量可加工出锥度较小的孔。

In order to optimize the parameters and improve the quality of laser drilling, the experiment and theoretical analysis of laser drilling on SUS304 stainless steel with 5mm thickness was conducted based on the orthogonal experiment method. The inlet aperture, outlet aperture and hole taper of laser drilling were measured and calculated respectively. The effect degree of the parameters, such as pulse width, pulse energy, repetition frequency, defocusing amount and pulse number, on the hole taper was gotten. And the optimal parameters combination of laser drilling on SUS304 were obtained. The results show that defocusing amount, pulse width and pulse number have a great effect on hole taper, while repetition rate and pulse energy have a little effect on hole taper. The optimized laser parameters are pulse width of 0.5ms, pulse energy of 2.5J, repetition frequency of 40Hz, defocusing amount of 0mm and pulse number of 200.The smallest taper can be obtained with the optimized laser parameters.