为研究中层大气分布情况, 采用自行研制的532 nm瑞利(Rayleigh)散射激光雷达, 对合肥地区(31.90 °N, 117.170 °E) 25～40 km高度范围内的大气密度和温度廓线分布进行观测。将瑞利散射激光雷达所测结果与NRLMSISE-00大气模型数据进行对比, 以验证瑞利散射激光雷达性能及数据处理方法的可靠性。通过数据对比得出, 在25～40 km高度范围内, 瑞利散射激光雷达获得的大气密度值与NRLMSISE-00大气模型密度值的比值为0.99～1.03; 瑞利散射激光雷达所测温度值与NRLMSISE-00大气模型数据的温度偏差均值约为2.8 K, 其中38 km以下两者温度偏差约为1.6 K。数据对比说明, 瑞利散射激光雷达观测值与NRLMSISE-00大气模型数据具有较一致的密度分布特征和温度分布特征, 瑞利散射激光雷达的观测结果能够较真实地反映合肥上空25～40 km高度范围内的大气密度和温度分布。

In order to study the distributed situation of the middle atmosphere, a self-developed Rayleigh scattering lidar used to remote sensing in the altitude range 25-40 km was introduced, which was located at Hefei(31.90 °N; 117.170 °E), China. Rayleigh scattering lidar with 532 nm wavelength made the measurements of atmospheric density and temperature. The results obtained by Rayleigh scattering lidar were compared with the data provided by NRLMSISE-00 Atmosphere Model to prove the Rayleigh scattering lidar system performance and the reliability of the data processing method. Through comparison and analysis of the result data, it can be found that the density ratio of Rayleigh scattering lidar to NRLMSISE-00 Atmosphere Model is from 0.99 to 1.03, and the temperature biases between Rayleigh scattering lidar and NRLMSISE-00 Atmosphere Model are about 2.8 K from 25 km to 40 km. Especially under the altitude 38 km, the temperature biases is about 1.6 K. These results indicate that atmospheric density and temperature profiles obtained by Rayleigh lidar show the coincident distribution with the data of NRLMSISE-00 Atmosphere Model over the altitudes of 25 km to 40 km, and the Rayleigh scattering lidar can represent the distribution of the atmospheric density and temperature between the altitude 25 km and 40 km over Hefei.