A localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor was prepared with gold nanospheres (AuNSs) coated on the tip face of the optical silica fiber. AuNSs with the sizes of 20 nm and 80 nm were used. The sensitivities of AuNS20 nm and AuNS80 nm modified sensors to bulk refractive index (RI) variation are 82.86 nm/RIU and 218.98 nm/RIU, respectively. The AuNS80 nm modified sensor was used for the detection of 40 bases DNA hybridization and the limit of detection is 50 nmol/L, where the 40-bases DNA probe was covalently linked with AuNS80 nm. The complementary DNA sequence in tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer solution was detected as the target DNA. This fiber sensor has the advantages of small sample consumption, easy fabrication and high sensitivity.