In this work, the Au/ZnO hybrid microstructure was fabricated by assembling Au nanoparticles (NPs) onto the surface of ZnO microrods, and an obviously improved ultraviolet (UV) emission of ZnO is observed in the hybrid microstructure. About 27-fold enhancement ratio of the UV emission to the green band emission of ZnO is achieved. The underlying enhanced mechanism of the UV emission intensities can be ascribed to the charge transfer and the efficient coupling between ZnO excitons and Au surface plasmon (SP).