针对放射性物质异常泄漏、防范核材料的非法转移和任意携带，提出一种基于单探头中子/伽马甄别能谱仪系统，实现敏感控制区中特殊核材料和放射性物质的监测。围绕核信号获取与数字化采集、辐射射线粒子甄别与能谱分析，开展基于FPGA与EJ299-33A的核数据采集电路设计、核信号处理算法设计和Matlab中子/伽马鉴别与能谱离线分析方法等关键技术研究。设计上位机软件实时处理辐射能谱数据，为正确做出应急预案提供数据参考。利用新型探测器和分型频谱数学模型在FPGA内部实现射线种类甄别，有效地解决了采用传统老式探测器和模拟电路的方法鉴别困难的问题，验证了分型频谱法在核信号处理上具有一定的可行性。开发完成集放射性种类判定、核素识别于一体的多功能集成中子/伽马探测器，在中子/伽马的混合辐射场中，既能实现射线甄别又能测量能谱，解决在复杂放射性环境中对不同射线种类的能谱分析和核素识别问题。

For critical nuclear cases including radioactive material leakage, illegal freight of special nuclear material, this paper proposes a research on an energy spectrometer with neutron/gamma discrimination via a single probe to achieve detection and monitor of special nuclear materials and radioactive materials. Several difficult research points have been triggered and expanded to tackle the challenging studies on FPGA and EJ299-33A including the data acquisition circuit design of nuclear pulses, nuclear signal process, pulse discrimination and offline analysis of energy spectra. The host machine software is able to process the real-time energy spectra for offering reference information in making a correct decision of nuclear emergency response. The application of novel detector and the fractural theory based processing method enables rays discrimination via FPGA, which effectively solves discrimination difficulties of particles via traditional detectors and analog circuits and also justifies the viability of the fractural-frequency spectrum based method application to nuclear signal processing. The n/γ detector is developed with versatile capacities in particle discrimination, energy spectrum measurement, and radioactive element identification. In a mixed radioactive field of neutron and gamma, the proposed detector not only can perform ray discrimination and energy spectra measurement, but also handles the challenges in energy spectrum analysis of different particle and nuclei identification.