光电工程, 2017, 44 (10): 945, 网络出版: 2017-11-27   

真空激光焊接技术研究现状与展望

Research status and development prospects of laser welding under vacuum
蔡创 1,2陈辉 1张卫华 2,*
作者单位
1 西南交通大学材料科学与工程学院,成都 610003
2 西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都 610003
摘要
真空环境下激光焊接熔深得到显著提高,焊缝成形及气孔等缺陷得到极大改善,可以获得常规激光焊接方法难以获得的显著效果。近些年,有关真空激光焊接过程机理,低真空甚至局部负压环境激光焊接装置的研究日益完善,真空激光焊接技术在船舶、核电及压力容器等领域大厚板焊接中展现出良好的应用前景。本文首要概述环境压力变化对激光焊缝熔深,焊缝表面成形及气孔等缺陷的影响规律,从焊接过程等离子体羽辉及匙孔、熔池的动态行为特性方面总结国内外学者有关真空激光焊接机理的研究成果,并介绍了真空焊接技术在工业领域的应用情况,最后对目前已报道的研究中存在的问题进行分析并对真空焊接技术的发展前景进行展望。
Abstract
Compared with conventional laser welding, the welding quality was improved significantly while the laser welding was conducted under vacuum. The penetration depth of the weld seam increased sharply. The welding formation was improved and the porosity defects were suppressed effectively. In recent years, numerous researches on the mechanism of welding process, low vacuum and local subatmospheric pressure laser welding equipments have been undertaken. The laser welding under vacuum exhibits the wonderful application pro-spects to weld the thick plates in the shipbuilding, nuclear instrument and pressure vessel industries. The influ-ences of ambient pressure on the laser welding penetration depth, surface formation and porosity defect were summarized. The domestic and overseas research findings on mechanism of laser welding under vacuum were elaborated from the aspects of plasma plume, keyhole and molten pool behaviors. In addition, the applications of laser welding under vacuum in the industry were introduced. Finally, the problems of reported researches were analyzed and the prospects of the technology were discussed.

蔡创, 陈辉, 张卫华. 真空激光焊接技术研究现状与展望[J]. 光电工程, 2017, 44(10): 945. Chuang Cai, Hui Chen, Weihua Zhang. Research status and development prospects of laser welding under vacuum[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2017, 44(10): 945.

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