论证了马赫-曾德尔干涉仪对532 nm/354.7 nm大气后向散射的频谱分析性能。马赫-曾德尔干涉仪接收激光大气后向散射回波，通过测量双臂光路、正交偏振、四通道结构形成的干涉相位差和干涉对比度，计算大气的多普勒频移，以及大气气溶胶后向散射与气体分子后向散射的比值；发射脉冲激光器及其倍频器可以直接工作在多纵模状态下，大气的后向散射的频谱分析器可以不必与发射光中心频率锁定；给出同时探测大气的后向散射比分布廓线及大气风速的分析方法。马赫-曾德尔干涉仪作为大气后向散射的频谱分析器，若应用于高光谱分辨率激光雷达中，将成为一个性能优秀、前景广阔的大气分析装置。

The ability to analyze the spectra of 532 nm/354.7 nm backscatter signal of atmosphere for Mach-Zehdner interferometer is demonstrated. The Mach-Zehdner interferometer accepts return signal. The phase difference and interference contrast are measured, which are formed by the interferometer’s double arm, polarization and quadro-channels, and Doppler frequency shift of atmosphere and backscatter ratio of aerosol backscatter to molecular backscatter are derived. Transmitter laser can operate with multi-longitudinal mode, and Mie backscattering and Rayleigh backscattering analysis spectrograph is free from locking to laser frequency. Analysis method of simultaneous measurements atmosphere aerosol backscattering ratio profile and wind pro-file are also discussed. If Mach-Zehnder interferometer is employed as atmospheric backscatter signal’s fre-quency spectrum analyzer, this high spectral resolution lidar will become an atmosphere analysis instrument with excellent performance and anticipant prospect.