为了提高小范围回转轴系测角误差的测量精度, 用自准直经纬仪测量测角误差的原理和方法, 对影响测量结果的误差源进行了分析, 仿真结果表明被测轴系轴线倾斜角度是最主要的误差源.基于误差模型提出了利用最小二乘估计辨识失调参数进而分离引入误差的方法, 以实现测角误差的高精度测量.以精度为2″的单轴位置转台为受检对象进行实验验证, 相比常规方法的测试结果－309.1″~428.6″, 本文方法的测试结果为－0.89″~1.01″和－1.01″~0.93″, 测试误差为0.70″和0.78″, 消除了设备失调引入的测试误差.该方法具有设备简单、操作便捷, 可实现小范围回转轴系测角误差的高精度测试, 解决小范围回转轴系工程测试难题.

In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the angular error in the limited rotation axis system, the principle and method of measuring the angular error by autocollimation theodolite was used to analysis the error sources which affect the measurement result, the simulation results show that the tilt angle of the axis of the measured shaft is the main error source. Based on the accurate error model, the method to identify the misadjustment parameters and separate the introduced error by using the least squares estimation was proposed to realize the high precision measurement of angle error. The experiment was carried out with the accuracy of 2″ single-axis position turntable as tested object. The test results of conventional methods are －309.1″~428.6″, the test error is large, however, the test results of the proposed method are －0.89"~1.01"and －1.01″~0.93″, the test error is 0.70″ and 0.78″, eliminating the test error introduced by equipment misadjustment. The method has the advantages of simple equipment and simple operation, and can realize the high precision measurement the angle error of the limited rotation axis system, can solve the problem of limited rotation axis systemengineering testing problem.