针对轻量化发展中铝合金焊前表面清理的工艺需求, 研究了铝合金板材光纤激光清洗机理。通过分析激光空间与能量分布参数, 确定激光清洗中需要的激光密排方式。在此基础上, 进行激光清洗工艺实验, 得到了激光参量对表面状态的影响规律, 探究并优化了氧化膜剥离工艺, 并提出铝合金表层氧化膜可能的两种剥离机制。通过对优化后的清洗参数进行焊接评估, 发现激光清洗可以改善焊缝成形, 显著提升接头力学性能, 验证了光纤激光清洗改善铝合金接头质量的可行性, 有助于高强度铝合金接头在制造业领域的大面积推广。

Aiming at the process need of surface cleaning before aluminum alloy welding in the development of lightweight, the mechanism of fiber laser cleaning for aluminum alloy is investigated. Laser arrangement in laser cleaning is determined by analyzing the laser space and energy distribution parameters. Laser cleaning process experiment is conducted to study the influence of laser parameters on surface state, explore and optimize the oxide film stripping process. Two possible kinds of aluminum alloy oxide film stripping mechanism are proposed. The results of welding evaluation for cleaning parameters after optimization show that laser cleaning can improve the formation quality of the welding line and mechanical property of the joint, which verifies that the fiber laser cleaning can improve the quality of aluminum alloy joint. The research will promote the widespread application of high strength aluminum alloy joint in the manufacturing industry.