随着科学技术日新月异的发展, 红外测量技术在遥感、 辐射测温、 红外隐身、 农业、 医疗等领域都展现出了重要的应用前景。 在花样众多的辐射测量中, 材料的发射率是重要的参数之一。 为满足材料发射率数据的需求, 根据一套自主研制的光谱发射率测量装置对A3铁、 304钢以及201钢在不同温度下的光谱发射率进行了精确的测量, 并对影响发射率的几个因素做了深入的探究。 结果显示: 这三种钢材的发射率随温度升高而变大, 同等温度下A3铁的发射率要高于304钢和201钢, 且材料中的铬含量会降低材料的发射率值。 采用XRD分析了三种材料表面氧化后的成分, 并探讨了表面成分变化对发射率的影响。 结果表明: A3铁氧化后生成不稳定的四氧化三铁Fe3O4和氧化亚铁FeO, 各种成分的相互转变会导致光谱发射率发生较大的变化, 而304钢和201钢表面氧化后主要生成氧化铬, 因而光谱发射率也相对比较稳定。 另外使用辐射光叠加原理和Christiansen效应成功解释了三种材料的发射率在大约10 μm处出现极大值的现象。 该研究极大地丰富了三种材料的光谱发射率数据, 为辐射测量技术在三种材料中的应用提供了强有力的数据支撑。

With the rapid development of science and technology, infrared measurement technology has gained an important application potential in remote sensing, radiation temperature measurement, infrared stealth, agriculture, medical science and other fields. In many patterns of radiation measurement, the emissivity of the material is always one of the most important parameters to determine the level of measurement accuracy. In order to meet the demand of the emissivity data for the measurement technology, the spectral emissivities of A3 iron, 304 steel and 201 steel at different temperatures are measured accurately by using a self-developed spectral emissivity measurement device, and several important factors influencing the emissivity of the three materials are explored. The results show that the emissivity of the three materials increases with the increase in temperature, and the emissivity of A3 iron is higher than the values of 304 steel and 201 steel, which were measured under the same conditions. What’s more, the chromium content in the material will reduce the emissivity value. XRD is used to analyze the oxidized components of the three materials, and the influence of surface composition on the emissivity is discussed. The results show that the oxide of A3 iron is composed of Fe3O4 and FeO, and the mutual changes of the various components will lead to the change of the spectral emissivity. The oxide of 304 steel and 201 steel consist mainly chromium oxide, thus their spectral emissivities are relatively stable. In addition, the emissivity of the three kinds of material achieves the maximum at the vicinity of 10 μm, and this phenomenon has been successfully explained by the superposition of two kinds of radiation and the Christiansen effect. This paper greatly enriches the spectral emissivity data of the three materials and provides strong data support for the application of radiation measurement technology in the three kinds of material.