为了满足空间探测对衍射望远镜的发展需求, 针对某衍射光学系统设计了一种空间可展开衍射望远镜。首先, 根据Serrurier桁架原理及优化设计理论确定了文中所用展开结构的形式及几何尺寸, 并针对某衍射光学系统设计了一种新型自展开结构; 其次, 建立了该展开结构的有限元模型并分析了其展开后的特性; 最后, 搭建了原理样机并对其进行了实验研究。实验结果表明: 该展开结构的展开距离为2.9 m, 展开后的重复精度误差小于2 mm, 偏心小于0.3 mm, 倾角小于0.2°, 且可通过促动器将其展开精度调整至微米级, 能够满足空间衍射望远镜自展开机构的结构简单、质量轻、稳定可靠、精度高等要求。

In order to satisfy the demand for the space diffraction telescope in space exploration, a new deployable space diffractive telescope was designed, which aimed at one diffraction optical system. Firstly, the structural form and geometrical sizes of the spontaneous deployable structure used in this article were preliminarily designated through the Serrurier truss theory and the optimization design theory, and a new spontaneous deployable structure was designed aiming at one diffractive optical system. Secondly, the finite element model of the deployable structure was built, and its deployment characters were analyzed. Finally, the prototype of the spontaneous deployable structure was built up and the experiment was carried out to study its characteristics. Experimental results indicate that the deployable structure is 2.9 m in length, its repetitive deploy accuracy can reach less than 2 mm, the decentration is less than 0.3 mm. Besides, the deploy accuracy can be adjusted to micrometer level by actuators when it has deployed. It can satisfy the deployment structure′s requirements of simple mechanics, low mass, steady and reliable deployment, as well as higher precision for the space diffractive telescope.