介绍了铝合金增材制造的相关技术研究进展。着重阐述了选区激光熔化、电弧填丝增材制造、激光-电弧复合增材制造在铝合金增材制造领域的优势与发展前景。研究结果表明,选区激光熔化的研究主要集中在成形件致密度的改善、微观组织控制和力学性能提升等方面,现阶段的成形件的致密度已接近100%,微观组织和力学性能优于铸件的但差于锻件的;电弧填丝增材制造的研究主要集中在大型结构的尺寸控制,但较大的热输入量限制了成形结构的性能提升;激光-电弧复合铝合金增材制造的相关研究较少,完善相应的工艺技术及激光与电弧的耦合行为是其发展方向。

The research progress on the technologies related to the additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys is introduced. The advantages and development prospects of the selective laser melting, wire-arc additive manufacturing and laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing in the field of additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys are focused. The results show that the study of selective laser melting is mainly focused on the improvement of the efficiency of space filling of formed parts, the control of microstructure and the improvement of mechanical properties. The present efficiency of space filling of formed parts is close to 100%, the microstructure and mechanical properties are better than those of the casting parts, but worse than those of the forging parts. The research on the wire arc additive manufacturing is mainly focused on the size control of large scale structures, but the improvement of performance is limited by the relatively large heat input. As for the laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing, the related research is few, and it is the future prospect to improve the corresponding process technique and the laser-arc coupling behavior.