以远程脉冲激光外差探测系统为模型,推导了系统的信号与噪声的表达式,给出了脉冲激光外差探测系统匹配滤波算法流程,对匹配滤波技术在中程导弹与国际空间站目标探测中的详细应用过程进行了仿真,分析了目标距离、散射截面面积、数字采样率对探测能力的影响。仿真结果表明:在100 MHz采样率的数字处理能力下,分别用蒙特卡罗法仿真了500次匹配滤波过程,对于散射截面面积为5 m ²、距离为100 km的中程导弹,回波信号载噪比为3.29 dB,匹配滤波后信号载噪比为25.13 dB,信号强度增强了152倍,距离精度为27 m,速度精度为0.17 m/s;对于散射截面面积为100 m ²、距离为500 km的国际空间站,回波信号载噪比为-6.12 dB,匹配滤波后信号载噪比为18.49 dB,信号强度增强了289倍,距离精度为117 m,速度精度为2.1 m/s。目标距离越小,散射截面面积越大,数字采样率越高,匹配滤波提取增强信号的能力越强。

Based on the long-range pulsed laser heterodyne detection system, the expression of signal and noise of the system is deduced. The matched filtering algorithm processing of the pulsed laser heterodyne detection system is given. The detailed application process of matched filtering technique in target detection of medium-range missiles and international space station is simulated. The influence of the target range, the scattering cross section area and the digital sampling rate on the detection capability is analyzed. The simulation results show that, under the digital processing capability of 100 MHz sampling rate, the Monte Carlo simulation of 500 matching filtering process is carried out. For the medium-range missile with the scattering cross section area of 5 m 2 and the distance of 100 km, the carrier-to-noise ratio of echo signal is 3.29 dB, the carrier-to-noise ratio of echo signal after matched filtering is 25.13 dB, the signal strength increases 152 times, the range accuracy is 27 m and the range rate accuracy is 0.17 m/s. For the international space station with the scattering cross section area of 100 m 2 and the distance of 500 km, the carrier-to-noise ratio of the echo signal is -6.12 dB, the carrier-to-noise ratio of the echo signal after matched filtering is 18.49 dB, the signal strength increases 289 times, the range accuracy is 117 m and the range rate accuracy is 2.1 m/s. The smaller the target range is, the larger the radar cross section area is, and the higher the digital sampling rate is, the stronger the ability of the matched filtering to extract and enhance the signal is.