光学相干层析成像（OCT）可以实现生物组织内部微观结构的实时、高分辨率、三维成像，在临床诊疗与基础科学研究领域得到了广泛的应用。近年来，得益于光源与探测技术的发展，傅里叶域OCT已经成为OCT的主流模式，尤其推动了OCT微血管造影等功能成像技术的发展。以傅里叶域OCT为重点，回顾了OCT的工作原理，阐述了系统主要的性能参数及其影响因素，介绍了傅里叶域OCT在成像量程、成像速度以及功能成像方面的现状并对OCT的研究作了展望。

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables three-dimensional internal micro-structural imaging of biological tissue in real time with high resolution, and it has wide range of applications in clinic diagnosis, treatment and basic scientific research. In recent years, thanks to the development of light sources and detection technology, Fourier domain OCT has become the mainstream OCT model, particularly has promoted the development of functional imaging technology, such as OCT microangiography. In this work, we review the principle of OCT based on Fourier domain OCT, and illustrate the primary performance parameters and their influence factors of system. The recent advances and expectations in imaging range, speed and functional extensions are introduced.