激光散斑衬比血流成像技术是在动态光散射理论及近似模型的基础上，通过分析散斑强度空间或时间起伏特性，实现活体组织中血流成像的技术。该技术具有成像面积大、速度快、分辨率高等优点，在生物医学成像研究及临床诊断中应用广泛。研究人员针对激光散斑成像技术的理论模型、成像方法与应用进行了大量研究。综述了近年来激光散斑成像方法及应用方面的主要进展，并针对提高激光散斑衬比成像分辨率、对比度、成像深度和定量能力进行了讨论。同时对该方法在眼科、微循环、脑科学、皮肤科及术中监测等各领域的应用进行了总结。

Based on the dynamic light scattering and approximate model, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful tool for full-field imaging of blood flow by analyzing the characteristics of speckle space or time intensity fluctuation. Because of the advantages of large imaging area, fast speed and high resolution, the technology is used in biomedical imaging research and clinical diagnosis widely. A lot of research on the theoretical models, imaging methods and applications of LSCI are done by many researchers. This review presents the main improvement on method and applications of LSCI. Moreover, we discuss the concepts about increasing resolution, contrast, imaging penetration, and quantitative ability of LSCI. Finally, we review the applications of LSCI in ophthalmology, microcirculation, neuroscience, dermatology and surgical monitoring.