荧光分子层析(FMT)成像是一种具有深度分辨能力的宏观光学成像技术，可定位和量化生物体内的荧光分子探针，在蛋白质相互作用研究、药物作用机制解析以及肿瘤治疗效果评价等方面具有巨大的应用潜力。然而，FMT的一个关键挑战是其逆向问题具有高度病态性，这意味着图像重建对测量噪声及各种数值误差非常敏感。要获得良好的图像重建结果，除了尽可能提升系统的性能以减小测量噪声外，还主要取决于两个方面：一是提高正向问题求解的精度以降低数值误差；二是缓解逆向问题的病态性使其抗噪声能力更强。本综述介绍了目前FMT图像重建在这两个方面的研究进展。

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a depth-resolved macroscopic optical imaging technique, and it can locate and quantify the fluorescent molecular probes inside biological tissue; it has a great potential in studying the protein interaction, analyzing the mechanism of drug action, and evaluating the therapeutic effect of tumor. However, one of the key challenges in FMT is that the inverse problem is highly ill-conditioned, which means that image reconstruction is sensitive to the measurement noise and the numerical errors. To improve results of image reconstruction, we should improve the performance of the imaging system as much as possible to reduce measurement noise, improve the accuracy of the forward problem of FMT to reduce the numerical error, and meanwhile alleviate and overcome the ill-condition of the inverse problem to strengthen the anti-noise ability. We introduce the research progress of FMT in image reconstruction on the last two aspects.