为实现水下对航行器光学探测，研究了水下环境光学特性测量机理，确立了海洋下行辐射、海洋上行辐射测量方法。在分析海洋下行辐射分布规律的基础上，简化了海洋下行辐射模型，建立了Janus海洋下行辐照度测量模型，设计了辐照度光学探头，确定了海洋上行辐射测量方法，并完成光学探头的响应度定标设计。分析表明，下行辐照度由标量辐照度、散射系数、体积衰减系数和漫衰减系数共同决定，均匀角分布入射辐射率，当入射角小于70°时，余弦误差小于5％，采用的Janus设计优化了海洋下行辐照度的测量。海洋下行辐射、海洋上行辐射测量方法的建立，为水下实现目标环境光学特性测量奠定了技术理论支撑。

In order to realize optical detection of underwater vehicle, the mechanism of optical properties measurement of underwater environment is studied, and measurement method for ocean downward radiation and upward radiation is established. Based on the analysis of distribution law of ocean downward radiation, the ocean downward radiation model is simplified, Janus ocean downward irradiance measurement model is established, the irradiance optical probe is designed, the ocean upward radiation measurement method is determined, and the optical probe response scale is designed. Results show that downward irradiance is determined by scalar irradiance, scattering coefficient, volume attenuation coefficient and diffuse attenuation coefficient. The incident angle is the incident radiance. When incident angle is less than 70 °, cosine error is less than 5%. Measurement of ocean downward irradiance is optimized by Janus design. The establishment of ocean downward radiation and upward radiation measurement method has laid a technical support for underwater visualization of target environment.