自适应光学技术能够对波前像差进行实时测量及调控。1997年，该技术被首次成功地应用于活体人眼像差的调控，并获得了接近衍射极限的高分辨力视网膜视细胞图像和传统低阶像差矫正无法达到的“超视力”。随后自适应光学技术在眼科学研究中得到迅速发展。就研究内容来看，该领域主要包括视网膜高分辨力成像和人眼像差操控与视功能研究两大方向。美国Rochester大学Williams教授和加利福利亚大学Roorda教授于2011年分别对视网膜高分辨力成像和人眼像差操控与视功能研究方向的研究作了非常全面的综述。1997 年，光电所在国内率先开展人眼自适应光学技术及其应用研究，本文在简单介绍人眼自适应光学系统原理的基础上，报道了光电所在该领域近五年的主要研究进展。

Adaptive optics (AO) techniques allow to measure and manipulate the wavefront aberrations in real time. This technology was first successfully applied to the manipulation of ocular aberrations, and high resolution retinal images and “supernormal vision” were achieved in vivo for the first time in 1997. Subsequently, adaptive optics were developed rapidly in ophthalmology. This field includes two main directions: high resolution imaging of the retina and the research of ocular aberrations manipulation and its influence on visual function. In 2011, professor D. R.Williams from Rochester University and Professor Austin Roorda from California University made two comprehensive overviews on retinal high-resolution imaging and ocular aberrations manipulation and its influence on visual function, respectively. In 1997, reseachers in Institute of Optics and Electronics took the lead in developing of adaptive optics technology in China. This article firstly introduces the principle of ocular adaptive optical system briefly, and then reports the main research progress of Institute of Optics and Electronics in this field for the last five years.