神经元是生物神经系统结构与功能的基本单位,它通过放电活动对信息进行编码、传递和整合,在生命活动中起到重要作用;基于神经元放电活动的动力学本质和相位成像技术,探讨对活细胞及其内部亚结构进行无损、免标记成像的方法,根据神经元模型的相位信息对其静态形态特征和放电行为的动态表征进行研究;运用光学成像仿真技术建立神经元相位模型并获得其相位分布信息,从相位函数的物理意义出发分析模型的亚结构特征;考虑放电活动中样品胞内离子浓度变化对其折射率及相位信息的动态影响,初步探讨用相位信息直观表征该动态过程的方法;对于该较复杂的非均质相位体模型,引入异质对比补偿思想,免相位解耦地获得样品亚结构局部的静态形态信息及其动态放电活动的相位表征结果,并通过仿真分析验证该方法的有效性。结果表明,神经元放电特征及其形态的光相位表征方法具有无损、免标记、可定量的优势。

As basic units of structure and function of the biological nervous system, neurons encode, transmit, and integrate information through discharge activities neuron, plays an important role in life activities. Based on the dynamic nature of neuronal discharge activity and phase imaging technique, we discuss nondestructive and label free imaging method for living cells and their inner substructure. According to phase information of neuron model, we study the characteristics of static morphology and dynamic discharge activities. The optical imaging simulation technique is used to establish the neuron phase model and obtain the information of its phase distribution. Starting from the physical meaning of the phase function, the substructure of the model is analyzed. Considering dynamic effect of the change of intracellular ion concentration in discharge activities on refractive index and phase information, the method of visualizing the dynamic process with phase information is discussed preliminarily. For the complex heterogeneous phase volume model, the local static morphological information on the substructure and phase characterization result of dynamic discharge activity on the sample are obtained without phase decoupling by introducing the heterogeneous contrastive compensation idea. The availability of the method is verified by simulation analysis. The results show that the optical phase characterization method for neuronal discharge characteristics and morphology is nondestructive, label-free, and quantifiable.