针对当前各种高轨飞行器对导航需求日益增强的情况, 提出一种导航星座对高轨特定目标飞行器进行导航的方法。该方法需要在导航星座卫星配备全数字相控阵天线与指向可调的高增益导航天线。相控阵天线接收目标飞行器发射的用于波达方向( DOA)估计的信号, 并对该信号的DOA进行估计, 使距飞行器较近的多个导航星座卫星估计得到飞行器相对于自身的相对方向。以该方向为基础, 导航卫星可以调节自身的高增益导航天线并使其指向特定目标飞行器, 发送导航电文信息, 从而使导航星座自主实现对高轨目标飞行器的导航任务。假定导航卫星相控阵天线装配于卫星对天面上, 以此为基础对同步轨道的目标飞行器同导航星座各卫星相控阵天线的可见性进行了仿真分析, 并在目标可见的基础上对二维 DOA估计精确度进行了计算, 验证了方法的可行性。

In view of the increasing demand for various kinds of high orbit aircraft navigation, a navigation method is proposed for high orbit specific targeted aircraft. The method requires a full digital phased array antenna and a high gain navigation antenna with a tunable high gain antenna in the navigation satellite. Phased array antenna receives the signal of target vehicle launched for the Direction of Arrival(DOA) analysis and estimates the signal DOA, as well as the direction of the aircraft relative to its own by the multiple navigation satellites. Based on this direction, the navigation satellite can adjust its high gain navigation antenna and make it point to a specific target aircraft, and transmit the navigation message, so as to realize the navigation task of the high orbit spacecraft. In this paper, the navigation satellite phased array antenna is assumed to have the visibility of the satellite phased array antenna on the surface of the satellite. Based on the target, the accuracy of the two dimensional DOA estimation is calculated. The feasibility of the method is verified.