目前, 在单倍体育种技术中, 可先使用低场核磁共振方法定量测得玉米单倍体与二倍体的油分, 再依据二者油分差异鉴别单倍体, 该方法在实际育种工作中已取得初步应用, 但核磁共振鉴别单倍体方法存在速度慢、 价格贵、 维护难等缺点, 难以获得大范围应用。 近红外光谱技术有诸多优点并在各领域取得广泛应用, 相关研究也表明该技术可用于玉米单倍体的定性鉴别, 但是目前该方法用于鉴别单倍体实验研究时涉及的玉米品种相对较少, 对于某些品种识别效果较差, 且内部机理类似于黑盒, 难以指明单倍体、 二倍体两类种子是依据何种物质的差别进行区分, 有时难以获得农业领域专家认可。 根据花粉直感效应的原理, 玉米单倍体与二倍体存在明显的油分区别, 通过油分鉴别单倍体原理直观明白, 易于被业内专家接受。 因此, 提出了一种先定量得到油分, 再依据定量分析所得油分进行分类的方法, 即首先使用玉米单籽粒的近红外光谱定量回归分析得到各籽粒的油分含量, 再利用定量分析所得的油分值, 并使用最小平方误差方法对单倍体、 二倍体混合籽粒进行定性分类。 实验结果表明近红外定量分析方法的识别精度与核磁共振方法相当, 与几种定性分析方法比较, 在训练集规模相同时, 近红外定量分析方法所得识别率优于几种定性分析方法, 进一步表明近红外定量分析方法鉴别单倍体具有一定优势, 可满足育种行业精度要求, 能够为尽快实现单倍体工程化育种提供保障。

At present, oil content difference between Haploid and diploid was used to identify haploid in maize breeding with NMR quantitative analysis. The method has been applied in the practical work, but NMR method is slow, expensive and difficult to maintain etc. It hindered its application in haploid breeding. NIR(Near infrared) spectroscopy technology has been widely used in petroleum, food, medicine and other fields due to its nondestructive, convenient advantages. The NIR qualitative analysis to identify Maize Haploid seeds also achieved a certain effect, but maize varieties used in NIR qualitative method in past research for identification is relatively small, for some varieties the recognition effect is not good. The internal mechanism of NIR qualitative analysis is similar to the black box, therefore it is difficult to distinguish content difference between haploid or diploid seeds, so it is difficult to get the approval of agricultural experts in the field. According to the principle of Xenia effect, there are obvious differences between oil content of Haploid and diploid, the oil identification principle is easy to understand intuitively. Therefore, a NIR quantitative analysis method for the identification of haploid maize is proposed. The experimental results show that the precision of NIR quantitative analysis method and NMR method are very close, under same condition, compared with several qualitative methods, recognition rate of NIR quantitative analysis method is superior to several qualitative analysis, which further proved that NIR quantitative analysis method has certain advantages. The method proposed can meet the requirements of precision of maize breeding industry, and it can boost the progress of maize breeding research.