中国激光, 2018, 45 (7): 0702003, 网络出版: 2018-09-11   

选区激光熔化成形AlSi10Mg组织与拉伸性能的各向异性研究 下载: 1705次

Anisotropy of Microstructure and Tensile Properties of AlSi10Mg Formed by Selective Laser Melting
作者单位
中国航发控制系统研究所3D使能研发技术联合实验室, 江苏 无锡 214063
摘要
采用选区激光熔化(SLM)技术成形了AlSi10Mg合金,研究了该合金的显微组织及室温拉伸性能。结果表明:SLM成形AlSi10Mg合金具有细小的显微组织与较高的室温拉伸性能,且存在明显的各向异性;SLM成形过程中的高冷速显著细化了初生α-Al枝晶,熔池内部及边缘不同的凝固条件不仅使两处α-Al枝晶的尺寸不同,而且决定了α-Al枝晶的生长形态,但整体呈外延生长;结合试样不同取向上枝晶间Al-Si共晶组织的形态及演化规律,揭示了合金组织的各向异性;室温拉伸试样沿沉积方向(纵向)与扫描方向(横向)的强度相当,但延伸率相差近一倍,合金性能的各向异性主要表现在延展性上;拉伸断口SEM形貌特征体现了试样的断裂机理,结合横、纵向试样断口处的韧窝尺寸、Al-Si共晶组织形态、微裂纹形成等因素说明了断裂方式为沿晶断裂;SLM成形AlSi10Mg的组织与性能均优于传统铸件,有利于SLM技术在航空发动机控制系统典型复杂零部件的设计制造中实现工程化应用。
Abstract
Selective laser melting(SLM) technology is adopted to form AlSi10Mg alloy and the microstructure and tensile property at room temperature are studied. The results show that SLM formed AlSi10Mg alloy has fine microstructure and high room temperature tensile properties, and the microstructure and strength show obvious anisotropy. The high cooling rate in SLM process refine the previous α-Al dendrites significantly, and the different solidification conditions in the core and boundary of melt pool can not only lead to different scales of α-Al dendrites, but determine the growth morphology of α-Al dendrites, which follows the law of epitaxial growth. Combination of the morphology and evolution of Al-Si eutectic structure of sample in different orientations, the anisotropy of microstructure is investigated. Furthermore, the strength of tensile samples along deposition (L) and scanning (T) directions is almost the same, while the elongation shows double relationship, so the different mechanical properties are due to its anisotropy of ductility. The SEM morphology of tensile fracture presents the crack mechanism, the size of the dimple, morphology of Al-Si eutectic structure and formation of micro cracks prove that the crack mode is intergranular fracture. The experimental results show that the microstructure and properties of SLM formed AiSi10Mg are higher than those of conventional cast components, which make SLM technology realizable in engineering application of typical components manufacturing in the field of aero engine control system.

侯伟, 陈静, 储松林, 王修专, 杨志逸, 张毓祺, 滕伟斌. 选区激光熔化成形AlSi10Mg组织与拉伸性能的各向异性研究[J]. 中国激光, 2018, 45(7): 0702003. Wei Hou, Jing Chen, Songlin Chu, Xiuzhuan Wang, Zhiyi Yang, Yuqi Zhang, Weibin Teng. Anisotropy of Microstructure and Tensile Properties of AlSi10Mg Formed by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2018, 45(7): 0702003.

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