花椒是我国的八大调味料之一。 目前花椒市场掺假现象较为多见， 为实现掺假花椒粉的快速定性鉴别， 采用了近红外光谱结合化学计量学方法进行了探讨。 将麦麸粉、 稻糠粉、 玉米粉和松香粉以1 Wt/Wt.%的递增梯度分别掺入红花椒粉和青花椒粉中， 制备掺假浓度范围为1~54 Wt/Wt.%的掺假花椒粉样品， 以掺假花椒粉和纯花椒粉共462份样品依次采集其800~2 500 nm范围的漫反射近红外光谱。 采用主成分分析法（PCA）对光谱数据进行分析， 前3个主成分累计贡献率达98.72%， 做出的得分图表明PCA法对掺假的花椒粉具有较好的区域划分。 347份样本作为校正集， 以特征谱区2 000~2 200 nm范围的257个采样点的光谱信号作为输入， 采用判别偏最小二乘法（DPLS）和支持向量机（SVM）建立定性鉴别模型， 经不同光谱预处理， 对115份验证集样本进行预测， 总体鉴别正确率在97.39%~100%之间， 表明该方法是快速定性鉴别掺假花椒粉的一个有效手段。

Huajiao is one of the “eight famous condiments” in China. Some cheaper adulterants were found to be added into Huajiao powder and in order to identify adulterated Huajiao powder qualitatively and quickly, a direct detecting method using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with discriminant partial least squares (DPLS) and support vector machine (SVM) had been developed in this study. Wheat bran, rice bran, corn flour and rosin powder with 1 Wt/Wt.% incremental concentration gradient were mixed with red Huajiao powder and green Huajiao powder separately and the adulterated Huajiao powder with range of 1~54 Wt/Wt.% were prepared. Diffuse NIR spectra (800~2 500 nm) of pure and adulterated Huajiao powder were acquired. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the spectral data of all 462 samples was used and the first three principal components accounted for 98.72% of total variation. It was effective for clustering different adulterated Huajiao powder from the main composition PC1, PC2 and PC3 score plot. 347 samples as a calibration set and with the characteristic band spectrum 2 000~2 200 nm as input, kinds of qualitative models with different spectra pretreatment were established using DPLS and SVM analysis, which were for predicting the rest 115 samples. Results showed that, using different pretreatment methods, and the qualitative identification accuracy of the validation set were between 97.39%~100%, in which adulterated Huajiao powder could be identified totally. NIRS based on DPLS and SVM is a rapid and nondestructive tool for the qualitative analysis of adulterated Huajiao powder.