为了研究激光-熔化极惰性气体保护焊(MIG)复合法焊接铝合金时激光、电弧两种热源各自的作用, 得出二者最佳耦合效果, 采用观察接头显微组织、焊缝截面形貌等手段, 分析了激光、电弧各自对焊缝的影响。在此基础上, 进一步测定焊缝气孔率、力学性能等参量, 探索了能量分配比例对焊接接头性能的影响规律。结果表明, 激光-MIG复合焊接6061铝合金时, 控制电弧、激光能量比在0.9附近, 辅以合适工艺, 获得的焊接接头气孔率仅为1.5%, 抗拉强度291MPa, 达母材的82.9%, 符合工程需求。此研究对不同厚度的铝合金复合焊具有普遍指导意义。

In order to study the effect of two kinds of heat sources (laser and arc) in laser-metal inert gas (MIG) hybrid welding and obtain the best coupling effect of both the heat sources, the microstructure of the joint and the cross section of the weld were observed. The effects of laser and arc on the weld were analyzed. On the basis, the parameters such as porosity and mechanical property of the weld were further measured. The influence of the proportion of energy distribution on the performance of welded joint was analyzed. The results show that, in laser-MIG hybrid welding of 6061 aluminum alloy, when the energy ratio of arc and laser is controlled near 0.9, assisted by the suitable process, the porosity of the welded joint is only 1.5%, and tensile strength is 291MPa, up to 82.9% of the base material. The parameters meet the needs of the project. This study is of general guiding significance for hybrid welding of aluminum alloy with different thickness.