基于光学原理的三维扫描技术通过光学系统对物体空间外形进行扫描,获取物体的三维信息,具有非接触性、高精度和高分辨率等优点。目前,工作距在1 m内的结构光三维扫描重建精度可达0.01 mm量级,点云数量可达百万量级。而采用纹理重建技术能进一步呈现扫描物体的色彩、材质等信息,提高了重建物体的真实感。由于相机误差和光照环境等因素影响,在纹理映射后纹理图像中容易产生接缝、模糊和重影等现象。通过建立相机模型,推导三维空间点和二维图像间的映射关系,归纳造成纹理残留处理痕迹的原因;分类介绍不同策略下消除纹理重建中残留处理痕迹的方法,总结其研究成果在纹理重建中的作用;针对纹理重建中尚存在的不足,对彩色三维扫描的纹理重建方法的发展方向进行了展望。

Three-dimensional (3D) scanning based on optical principle is a technology of scanning the object's spatial shape by optical system, which can acquire 3D information of the objects. The technology has the advantages of non-contact, high precision and high resolution. To our knowledge, the structured-light 3D scanning accuracy is up to 0.01 mm, and the point cloud contains millions of points with the working distance less than 1 m. Texture reconstruction can further present the color, material and other information of the scanned objects, and improve the verisimilitude of reconstructed objects. Due to the influence of camera error and illumination environment, it is easy to produce seam, blurring and ghosting in texture images after texture mapping. By introducing the camera model, we derive the relationship between 3D space point and two-dimensional (2D) image, and then analyze the causes of texture artifacts. The methods of eliminating residual artifacts in texture construction are reviewed, and their advantages and limits are summarized. At last, in view of the shortcomings of texture reconstruction, the development trend of the texture reconstruction method for colored 3D model is prospected.