畜禽养殖业的迅速发展和疾病的日益复杂导致了兽用抗生素的广泛使用, 但大部分抗生素不能被机体完全吸收, 最终以原形或者代谢产物形式由粪尿排出, 导致了畜禽粪便中大量残留抗生素。残留抗生素多途径进入土壤、水体, 由此引起的潜在生态风险及抗性基因传播备受关注。本文总结了抗生素残留的降解方法: 堆肥、厌氧消化、高级氧化、植物修复等, 并对各种降解方法中的影响因素进行了阐述, 以期为畜禽粪污的无害化处理和资源化利用提供参考。

The rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding and the increasing complexity of diseases lead to the widespread use of veterinary antibiotics. However, most of the antibiotics cannot be absorbed or metabolized absolutely in vivo, and amounts of antibiotics are excreted via feces and urine in the form of original or metabolites. That has led to a large number of residual antibiotics in the livestock excrement. The residual antibiotics are involved in soil and water through various pathways, caused the potential ecological risk and the transmission of resistance genes. The degradation methods of antibiotic residues are reviewed in this paper, such as composting, anaerobic digestion, advanced oxidation, phytoremediation, etc. In addition, the influence factors of degradation methods are expounded, so as to provide reference for the harmless disposal and resource utilization of livestock and poultry waste.