野生食用菌产地溯源研究中, 采用单一有机成分或矿质元素指纹存在一定局限性。 利用不同指纹分析技术的互补性与协同性, 将不同部位与类型的化学信息进行融合, 探讨此方法对野生食用菌产地溯源的可行性, 以期为野生食用菌溯源提供新的思路与科学依据。 通过测定云南7个产地、 124个美味牛肝菌(菌柄、 菌盖)中15种矿质元素的含量, 以及子实体傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)。 标准正态变换(SNV)、 二阶导数(2D)等算法对原始光谱进行预处理。 基于低级与中级数据融合策略, 将预处理后的FTIR光谱与菌柄、 菌盖矿质元素数据进行融合, 结合支持向量机(SVM)分别建立菌柄、 菌盖、 FTIR、 低级数据融合(菌柄+菌盖, 菌柄+菌盖+FTIR)与中级数据融合(菌柄+菌盖+FTIR)判别模型; 分析比较模型参数, 确定快速甄别美味牛肝菌产地的可靠方法。 结果显示: (1)菌盖中Cd, Cr, Cu, Li, Mg, Na, P和Zn元素平均含量高于菌柄, Ba, Ca, Co, Ni, Rb, Sr和V元素在菌柄中平均含量高于菌盖。 美味牛肝菌中人体必需矿质元素Ca, Cu, Mg, P和Zn平均含量远高于小麦、 水稻干品和新鲜蔬菜, 与动物干制品含量相似; (2)FTIR光谱数据最佳预处理方法为3D+SNV, 其Q2和R2Y分别为76.64%, 88.91%; (3)菌柄、 菌盖、 FTIR、 低级数据融合与中级数据融合SVM模型, c值分别为8 192, 4 096, 1.414 2, 11.313 7, 1和0.7071 1, 菌柄和菌盖模型c值较大, 表明采用单一菌柄或菌盖矿质元素含量数据, SVM训练存在过拟合风险, 判别效果较差; (4)FTIR、 低级数据融合和中级数据融合SVM模型, 样品分类错误总数分别为7, 9, 7和0, 中级数据融合(菌柄+菌盖+FTIR)模型样品分类正确率最高。 表明基于中级融合策略将不同部位矿物元素和子实体FTIR光谱数据融合, 可作为野生食用菌产地溯源的一种有效方法。

There are some limitations in geographical discrimination of wild edible mushroom using single organic or mineral element fingerprint technique. According to the complementarity and synergy of two different fingerprint analysis techniques, the chemical profiles of different parts and sources were fused to explore the feasibility of this protocoland supply a novel reference and basis for tracing the origin of wild edible fungi 124 sporocarps of Boletus edulis collected from seven origins in Yunnan Provinces. The content of 15 mineral elements in the caps and stipes was detected, respectively. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was collected using the powder of fruit body. The original spectra were preprocessed by standard normal variable (SNV), second derivative (2D) algorithm et al. Based on the low and mid-level fusion strategy, the preprocessed spectra and mineral elements of caps and sipes were fused to established support vector machine (SVM) models, including the models of stipe, cap, FTIR, low-level data fusion (stipe+cap, stipe+cap+FTIR) and mid-level data fusion (The cap+stipe +FTIR). The most reliable method that was used to discriminate the B. edulis quickly, was chosen by comparing the model parameters. The results indicated that: (1) the content of Cd, Cr, Cu, Li, Mg, Na, P and Zn elements in caps was higher than the average content of stipe, the average content of Ba, Ca, Co, Ni, Rb, Sr and V elements in the stipe is higher than that in caps. The mineral elements Ca, Cu, Mg, P and Zn), which were essential mineral elements of human, were much higher than the average content of wheat, rice and fresh vegetables, whose content was similar to that in dried animal food. (2) the optimal pretreatment protocol of mineral element dataset was EWMA. The combination of 3D and SNV was the best in FTIR dataset. (3) c value of SVM model of stipe, cap, FITR, low- and mid- level fusion was 8 192, 4 096, 1.414 2, 11.313 7, 1 and 0.707 11, respectively, which indicated that potential over-fitting risk existed in the SVM model using the single mineral element dataset of stipe and cap. (4) the number of samples was misclassified in three models (FTIR, low- and mid- level fusion) was 7, 9, 7 and 0. The accuracy of mid-level fusion model (stipe+cap+FTIR) was the highest. The results illustrated that the mid-level fusion strategy fused the mineral element and FTIR spectra of fruit body was an effective pathway for geographical origins of wild edible mushroom.