本文主要设计一种新型的可用于机载的紫外-可见-近红外高光谱成像系统，从而为沿海水色环境与污染观测提供一种有效的观测仪器。首先,根据探测目标特点确定了仪器系统的性能设计参数，选择了Dyson成像光谱系统来满足系统在宽谱段上的高信噪比和高光学性能; 但Dyson成像光谱系统的结构过于紧凑，因此对Dyson成像光谱系统进行了研究，调整了狭缝、像面和光学元件的位置，使它们在轴向和垂直轴向上均具备足够的间隔，并在这种大空气间隔下分析了系统的完善消像差条件。通过光程分析和弯月透镜的加入，使改进型Dyson系统在0.278的数值孔径和320~1 000 nm的宽波段上具备良好的成像结果，全视场全波段MTF值在探测器奈奎斯特频率下(38.5 lp/mm)高于0.5，研制原理样机的光谱分辨率为3.375 nm，满足设计要求。该系统可为沿海水色环境的高光谱观测提供良好的工程应用基础。

A novel ultraviolet-visible-near infrared imaging spectral system in air has been demonstrated to provide an effective instrument to measure the environment and pollution of the ocean along the coastal area. Based on the characteristics of the targets, different parameters of the performance of the system have been proposed. The Dyson imaging spectrometer was chosen to satisfy the requirements of the signal-to-noise ratio and the high optical performance. The Dyson spectrometer has not been widely applied in the engineering field because of its structural limitations. To solve this problem, the distances amongst the slit, the imaging plane, and the optical elements were increased to modify the traditional shape of the spectrometer. Therefore, perfect aberration eliminated conditions of the advanced system were obtained through analysis and addition of lenses. The advanced Dyson spectrometer presents excellent design features with an NA of 0.278 in the range of 320-1 000 nm. The Modulation Transfer Functions (MTFs) in all fields of views and all wavebands are larger than 0.5 at the Nyquist frequency 38.5 lp/mm of the detector. The prototype has a spectral resolution of 3.375 nm, satisfying the design requirement. This new spectrometer is more convenient and effective for coastal ocean observation.