针对温度变化对光纤复合低压电缆(OPLC)传输性能的影响，综合考虑电缆温度场分布以及材料膨胀系数不同导致的应力差分布特性，建立了OPLC温度变化与传输损耗的数学模型。在此基础上，设计了基于电力场、光场、温度场和应力场等多物理场耦合的仿真模型，采用有限元分析方法，结合COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件，分别模拟了OPLC在稳定运行状态和短路故障状态下的温度分布及光单元传输损耗特性。仿真结果表明，OPLC在稳定运行状态和短路故障状态下的温度分布及传输损耗与理论计算基本相符，由短路故障引起的光纤传输损耗呈平稳衰减趋势，在工程上可以忽略不计。

In this paper, the mathematical model for Optical Fiber Composite Low-Voltage Cable (OPLC) temperature distribution and transmission loss is established considering the effect of temperature change on the transmission performance of OPLC. The model also considers the distribution characteristics of the temperature field of the cable and the difference in the stress expansion caused by different coefficients of expansion of the material. Based on the proposed model, a simulation model of physical field coupling including electric field, light field, temperature field and stress field is designed. Using finite element numerical analysis method and COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, we analyze the temperature characteristics and light unit transmission loss characteristics of OPLC under steady state and short circuit fault conditions. The simulation results show that the temperature distribution and transmission loss of OPLC are basically consistent with the theoretical calculations in the stable operation state and short-circuit fault state. The optical fiber transmission loss caused by the short-circuit fault shows a steady attenuation trend, which can be neglected in the engineering.