以ANSYS软件为平台,针对45钢表面激光熔覆Inconel 718合金建立了瞬态三维有限元温度场模型,采用半椭球体热源模拟半导体激光器矩形光斑热源,利用实验和模拟相结合的方法确定了最佳热源参数,然后就离焦量、激光功率、扫描速度对熔池最高温度、熔池尺寸的影响进行了数值模拟研究,确定了最优工艺参数为离焦量15 mm,扫描速度2.0 mm/s,激光功率1 300 W,并对最优工艺参数进行了实验验证。研究结果表明,建立合理的热源模型并采用正确的热源参数后,可以利用数值模拟的方法确定激光熔覆718合金的最优工艺参数,从而可大幅度减少实验工作量。

Based on ANSYS software, a transient three-dimensional finite element temperature field model is established to simulate the process of laser cladding Inconel 718 alloy to 45# steel surface. Using semi-ellipsoid heat source to simulate the rectangular laser spot heat source of semiconductor laser, the optimal heat source parameters are determined by the combination of experiment and simulation. Then the effects of defocus amount, laser power and scanning speed on the maximum temperature of the molten pool and the size of molten pool were numerically simulated. The optimal process parameters are determined, the defocus amount is 15 mm, the scanning speed is 2.0 mm/s, and the laser power is 1 300 W, and the optimal process parameters are verified by experiments. The results show that after establishing a reasonable heat source model and using the correct heat source parameters, the numerical simulation method can be used to determine the optimal process parameters of the laser cladding 718 alloy, which can greatly reduce the experimental workload.