随着互联网、物联网、云计算以及人工智能的快速发展，人类社会已经进入大数据时代。面对如此多的数据，如何安全可靠、绿色节能、长寿命、低成本地进行存储已经成为一个重要问题，传统的光存储技术已经无法满足现实要求，需要对其加以改造升级，甚至研发新一代存储技术。到目前为止，已有多种基于光存储原理的样机研制成功并获得工程应用，光存储技术不断完善，正逐步实用化和商用化。本文首先简单介绍了光存储技术领域发展历程，然后详细列举了其中8种具有产业化前景的光存储技术，对它们的原理及发展现状进行了总结，并对其技术特点和作为大数据存储介质的前景进行了讨论；最后对光存储技术未来发展趋势进行了展望，以期为大数据时代光存储技术的发展提供技术参考。

With the rapid development of internet, internet of things, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, human society has entered the age of Big Data. In the face of such a large amount of data, how to store it safely and reliably, green and energy-saving, long life and low cost has become an important issue. Traditional optical storage technology has been unable to meet the practical requirements, and needs to be modified and upgraded, or even developed a new generation of storage technology. So far, a variety of prototypes based on the optical storage principle have been successfully developed and applied in engineering. The optical storage technology has been improved continuously and is being applied and used gradually. This paper first briefly introduces the development history of optical storage technology, and then lists eight types of optical storage technologies with industrial prospects in detail, summarizes their principles and development status, and discusses their technical features and prospects as Big Data storage media. Finally, the future development trend of optical storage technology is prospected in order to provide technical reference for the development of optical storage technology in the era of Big Data.