发射于2016年12月11日的风云四号卫星上搭载了国际上首台工作于静止轨道的高光谱红外大气垂直探测仪(GIIRS), 该仪器主要用于探测地球大气的温度和湿度的垂直分布和变化, 观测的数据实时同化到GRAPES全球预报系统, 首次实现了大范围、高频次针对敏感区的卫星高光谱探测和实时资料同化应用, 对目前的气象预报能力产生显著影响, 尤其对台风强度和路径的预报更加精准.本文简要介绍了风四大气垂直探测仪的测量原理和在天气预报中的应用情况, 并对未来的发展趋势给予了展望.

As the main instrument of FY-4 which was launched on Dec.11th, 2016, Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) is the first hyperspectral infrared atmospheric vertical sounder working on geostationary orbit internationally. This instrument is mainly used for vertical atmospheric sounding and gains atmospheric temperature, humidity, and disturbances. The observed data of FY-4 GIIRS is assimilated into the GRAPES Global Forecast System in real time. It is the first time to realize the satellite hyperspectral detection and real-time data assimilation of wide range sensitive area sat a high frequency and will have a significant impact on the current meteorological forecasting capability, in particular, for the prediction of typhoon intensity and track, the accuracy can be greatly improved. In this paper, we present the measuring principle of the atmospheric vertical sounder and the on-orbit performance and operation of GIIRS, and the development of hyperspectral infrared atmospheric vertical sounder in the future is also prospected.