近红外光谱(NIR)检测技术能够提供样品丰富的结构和组成信息, 且具有分析速度快、 样品无需处理等突出特点, 在聚合物领域有了越来越广泛的应用。 综述了该技术在聚合物合成到成型加工再到回收利用整个生命周期过程中各个环节的应用研究进展。 在聚合物的合成和加工过程中, 近红外光谱检测技术可用于材料参量的定量测量, 且由于光纤良好的化学和热稳定性, 使其能够在强腐蚀、 高温、 高压等危险环境下进行在线实时监测。 对于聚合物合成, 选择聚合反应转化率、 聚合产物粒径和聚合物组成三个关键参量, 概述了近红外光谱在线测量上述参量的相关研究进展; 对于聚合物加工, 主要讨论了反应性挤出加工过程中近红外光谱在线测量聚合物分子量、 残余单体含量、 接枝率等反映材料加工状态参量的应用研究。 在聚合物的回收利用过程中, 近红外光谱可用于废旧塑料制品的定性分类识别, 围绕该应用分析了其国内外的研究现状。 指出了近红外光谱检测技术在应用中存在的问题, 并提出几点建议, 最后对该技术在聚合物领域的发展方向进行了展望, 并认为随着研究工作的深入和在线测量仪器的发展, 近红外光谱检测技术将在聚合物领域有着更加广阔的应用前景。

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy analytical technology has been applied more and more widely in polymer field, since it can provide rich information about structure and composition of samples, and has the prominent feature of fast analysis without dealing with the sample. This article reviewed the research progress of the application of NIR spectroscopy in all aspects in polymer’s entire life, which involves polymer synthesis, processing and recycling. NIR analytical technology can be used in quantitatively measurement of important material parameters during the polymer synthesis and processing, what’s more, due to the good chemical and thermal stability of the optical fiber, it can realize the in-line real-time measurement in environment with strong corrosion, high temperature and high pressure. As for polymer synthesis, the research progress in real-time measurement of polymerization conversion, polymer particle size and copolymer composition with NIR spectroscopy was discussed. With regard to polymer processing, the discussion on application of NIR spectroscopy for in-line measurement of important parameters which reflects the processing state of the material during the reactive extrusion process, such as the polymer molecular weight, the content of residual monomer and the polymer grafting degree, was mainly made. In the recycling of plastics, NIR can be applied for the qualitative classification and identification of waste plastic products, the article analyzed the research status of this application at home and abroad. In addition, the problems in the application of NIR analytical technology in polymer analysis and corresponding suggestions were pointed out. Finally, the development direction of this technology in polymer field was discussed. It is believed that, NIR spectroscopy will have a wider application prospect in polymer field with the deepening of research work and the development of in-line measurement instruments.