为了解决透明电加热玻璃制造技术难以兼顾电加热玻璃加热线的透光率、导电性以及附着力的问题, 开发了一种可低成本、批量化实现高性能电加热玻璃制造的复合工艺。该工艺采用电场驱动熔融喷射沉积(Electric-field-driven Fusion Deposition, EFD)3D打印和UV辅助微转印复合制造透明电加热玻璃。根据复合制造工艺原理, 选择及配制了EFD 3D打印、UV辅助微转印介质以及加热线材料。通过具体实验揭示了主要工艺参数对制造透明电加热玻璃加热线结构参数的影响以及规律, 并确定了复合制造工艺的最佳工艺窗口。依据最优工艺参数实现了有效图案化面积为60 mm×70 mm, 线宽为15 μm, 高宽比为0.7, 周期为1 000 μm, 透光率为88%, 方阻为0.5 Ω/sq, 附着力为4B级, 加热线为线栅结构的透明电加热玻璃制造。实验结果表明: 利用EFD 3D打印和UV辅助微转印复合工艺制造的透明电加热玻璃具有透光率高、方阻低及附着力高等优势。该复合工艺为实现低成本、高性能的电加热玻璃的批量化制造提供了全新的解决方案。

In order to produce transparent glass heaters with high light transmittance, conductivity, and adhesion of the heating wire, a novel method that combines the advantages of electric-field-driven melt-jet-deposition 3D printing technology and UV-assisted micro-transfer technology was developed. This method can enable the low-cost, batch-based manufacture of high-performance glass heaters. First, the material for 3D printing, media for the UV-assisted micro-transfer and material for the heating wire were selected and formulated as needed for the composite manufacturing process. Then, the influence of the main process parameters on the geometric structure of the transparent glass heating wire was experimentally established, and the optimum process window for the composite manufacturing process was determined. Finally, the optimum process parameters were utilized to successfully fabricate a transparent glass heater featuring a heating wire with a striped structure. The fabricated glass heater has an effective patterned area of 60 mm×70 mm, a line width of 15 μm, an aspect ratio of 0.7, a period of 1 000 μm, a transmittance of 88%, a square resistance of 0.5 Ω/sq, and an adhesion between the heating wire and glass of 4B. The experimental results indicate that the transparent glass heater printed using the presented method has a high light transmittance, low square resistance, and high adhesion. This method provides a new solution for the mass production of low-cost, high-performance glass heaters.